7059 
7206反馈是组织中常用的激励策略和行为矫正工具，但是关于反馈和绩效关系的不一致研究结果使得管理者不清楚如何反馈才能提高绩效。反馈环境超越反馈的地方在于强调反馈的多维复杂性、接收者对反馈有效性的建构和鼓励反馈寻求的氛围，针对反馈环境的研究能够弥补反馈研究预设二元对立关系进而孤立对比反馈的作用、忽视接收者对反馈的建构、未体现反馈双方互动的不足，从而较针对反馈自身的研究而言能够得出更为一致的预期结果。本文基于对反馈研究困境和出路的分析，介绍了反馈环境这一超越反馈的概念及其对反馈的超越性，探讨了反馈环境的形成机制和影响机制，并对未来研究方向进行了展望。
反馈环境：一个超越反馈的概念
摘要
参考文献
1 （美）格里芬, 唐宁玉,（美）摩海德.（刘伟, 译）. 组织行为学（中国版）: 组织与人员的管理[M]. 第8版. 北京: 中国市场出版社, 2010.
2 李东方, 罗瑾琏, 黄良志. 领导反馈对员工创造力的影响研究——基于心理资本的中介效应[J]. 华东经济管理, 2013,（11）: 121–126. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5097.2013.11.025
5 Anderson N, Potočnik K, Zhou J. Innovation and creativity in organizations: A state-of-the-science review, prospective commentary, and guiding framework[J]. Journal of Management, 2014, 40（5）: 1297–1333. DOI:10.1177/0149206314527128
6 Andiola L M. Performance feedback in the audit environment: A review and synthesis of research on the behavioral effects[J]. Journal of Accounting Literature, 2014, 33（1–2）: 1–36. DOI:10.1016/j.acclit.2014.07.001
7 Anseel F, Beatty A S, Shen W, et al. How are we doing after 30 years? A meta-analytic review of the antecedents and outcomes of feedback-seeking behavior[J]. Journal of Management, 2015, 41（1）: 318–348. DOI:10.1177/0149206313484521
8 Bledow R, Rosing K, Frese M. A dynamic perspective on affect and creativity[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2013, 56（2）: 432–450. DOI:10.5465/amj.2010.0894
9 Bragger J D, Kutcher E J, Menier A, et al. Giving nonselective downsizing a performance review[J]. Human Resource Development Review, 2014, 13（1）: 58–78. DOI:10.1177/1534484313492331
10 Dahling J J, Chau S L, O’Malley A. Correlates and consequences of feedback orientation in organizations[J]. Journal of Management, 2012, 38（2）: 531–546. DOI:10.1177/0149206310375467
11 Dahling J, O’Malley A L, Chau S L. Effects of feedback motives on inquiry and performance[J]. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 2015, 30（2）: 199–215. DOI:10.1108/JMP-12-2012-0409
12 DeNisi A S, Kluger A N. Feedback effectiveness: Can 360-degree appraisals be improved[J]. Academy of Management Perspectives, 2000, 14（1）: 129–139. DOI:10.5465/AME.2000.2909845
13 de Stobbeleir K E M, Ashford S J, Buyens D. Self-regulation of creativity at work: The role of feedback-seeking behavior in creative performance[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2011, 54（4）: 811–831. DOI:10.5465/AMJ.2011.64870144
14 Gabriel A S, Frantz N B, Levy P E, et al. The supervisor feedback environment is empowering, but not all the time: Feedback orientation as a critical moderator[J]. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 2014, 87（3）: 487–506. DOI:10.1111/joop.2014.87.issue-3
15 Harrison S H, Rouse E D. An inductive study of feedback interactions over the course of creative projects[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2015, 58（2）: 375–404. DOI:10.5465/amj.2012.0737
16 Ilgen D R, Fisher C D, Taylor M S. Consequences of individual feedback on behavior in organizations[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1979, 64（4）: 349–371. DOI:10.1037/0021-9010.64.4.349
17 Johnson D A, Rocheleau J M, Tilka R E. Considerations in feedback delivery: The role of accuracy and type of evaluation[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 2015, 35（3–4）: 240–258. DOI:10.1080/01608061.2015.1093055
18 Kluger A N, DeNisi A. The effects of feedback interventions on performance: A historical review, a meta-analysis, and a preliminary feedback intervention theory[J]. Psychological Bulletin, 1996, 119（2）: 254–284. DOI:10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.254
19 Lam C F, DeRue D S, Karam E P, et al. The impact of feedback frequency on learning and task performance: Challenging the " more is better” assumption[J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 2011, 116（2）: 217–228. DOI:10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.05.002
20 Ling Y L, Abdullah A G K, Ismail A. Feedback environment and coaching communication in Malaysia education organizations[J]. Asian Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 2015, 4（1）: 66–73.
21 London M. The power of feedback: Giving, seeking, and using feedback for performance improvement[M]. New York, NY: Routledge, 2015.
22 Peng J C, Chiu S F. An integrative model linking feedback environment and organizational citizenship behavior[J]. The Journal of Social Psychology, 2010, 150（6）: 582–607. DOI:10.1080/00224540903365455
23 Peng J C, Lin J L. Linking supervisor feedback environment to contextual performances: The mediating effect of leader-member exchange[J]. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 2016, 37（6）: 802–820.
24 Steelman L A, Levy P E, Snell A F. The feedback environment scale: Construct definition, measurement, and validation[J]. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2004, 64（1）: 165–184. DOI:10.1177/0013164403258440
25 Steelman L A, Rutkowski K A. Moderators of employee reactions to negative feedback[J]. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 2004, 19（1）: 6–18. DOI:10.1108/02683940410520637
26 Stoker J I, Grutterink H, Kolk N J. Do transformational CEOs always make the difference? The role of TMT feedback seeking behavior[J]. The Leadership Quarterly, 2012, 23（3）: 582–592. DOI:10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.12.009
27 Van den Bossche P, Segers M, Jansen N. Transfer of training: The role of feedback in supportive social networks[J]. International Journal of Training and Development, 2010, 14（2）: 81–94. DOI:10.1111/(ISSN)1468-2419
28 van der Rijt J, Van den Bossche P, Segers M S R. Understanding informal feedback seeking in the workplace: The impact of the position in the organizational hierarchy[J]. European Journal of Training and Development, 2013, 37（1）: 72–85. DOI:10.1108/03090591311293293
29 van der Rijt J, van de Wiel M W J, Van den Bossche P, et al. Contextual antecedents of informal feedback in the workplace[J]. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 2012, 23（2）: 233–257. DOI:10.1002/hrdq.v23.2
30 Vancouver J B, Tamanini K B, Yoder R J. Using dynamic computational models to reconnect theory and research: Socialization by the proactive newcomer as example[J]. Journal of Management, 2010, 36（3）: 764–793. DOI:10.1177/0149206308321550
31 Whitaker B G, Dahling J J, Levy P. The development of a feedback environment and role clarity model of job performance[J]. Journal of Management, 2007, 33（4）: 570–591. DOI:10.1177/0149206306297581
32 Young S F, Steelman L A. The role of feedback in supervisor and workgroup identification[J]. Personnel Review, 2014, 43（2）: 228–245. DOI:10.1108/PR-01-2013-0006
引用本文
张剑, 巩振兴, 张莹. 反馈环境：一个超越反馈的概念[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2017, 39(9): 59–69.
导出参考文献，格式为：
