The construction of China’s independent marketing knowledge system, in the final analysis, needs to grasp the origin of theory construction, that is, to maintain independence and autonomy on the philosophical basis of theory. This paper examines the root cause of modern marketing, which has been pulled by scientism to be out of touch with practice and has been heading towards theoretical fragmentation and loss of meaning under the trend of postmodernism, i.e., the overall crisis of the social sciences under the atomistic worldview. At the same time, it points out that this crisis provides possibilities and legitimacy for the construction of China’s marketing independent knowledge system. This paper returns to the organic holistic worldview advocated by traditional Chinese philosophy and proposes a hierarchical theoretical view of Taoism and art on this basis, in which the existence of Tao responds to the trend of no longer pursuing general theories with limited universality in postmodernist philosophy, and the existence of art leaves enough ways for the construction of China’s independent marketing knowledge system to absorb theoretical deposits and practical experience. This paper argues that the construction of China’s independent marketing knowledge system should get rid of the dominant position of scientism in the origin of marketing theory, return to the foundation of traditional Chinese philosophy, and respond to the great change that has not occurred in a hundred years with greater responsibility.