当前,全球贸易增速出现了大幅下降,这难以简单地从危机冲击及其后续影响层面进行解读。实际上,贸易的基础是分工,看待当前全球贸易失速现象理应深入到国际分工层面。鉴于此,文章构建理论模型以刻画上述现象及其成因,研究发现:(1)全球价值链分工演进的阶段性变化对贸易增速具有深刻影响,当分工深化到一定程度后,贸易规模扩大的“基数效应”和分工深化的“边际效应”会导致贸易增速下降;(2)对单个国家来说,价值链攀升也会影响贸易增速。进一步地,利用跨国面板数据的计量分析表明:(1)在有效控制其他影响因素的条件下,全球价值链分工深化的程度对贸易增速呈倒“U”形的非线性影响;(2)价值链攀升对单个经济体的贸易增速具有显著的负面影响。由此可知,在当前全球经济处于深度调整的特殊时期,价值链分工深化趋势减缓乃至“停滞”,是导致当前全球贸易失速的根本原因之一;而中国的外贸失速除了受到上述因素影响外,还与自身的价值链升级有关。因此,面临全球贸易增速下降的压力,中国外贸发展亟待转型升级,充分发挥“稳定”全球贸易增长的应有作用。
贸易增速下降之“谜”——基于全球价值链分工视角的解释
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周经, 戴翔, 刘梦. 贸易增速下降之“谜”——基于全球价值链分工视角的解释[J]. 财经研究, 2018, 44(5): 83-96.
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