国际创业学发展历程探析与未来研究展望
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外国经济与管理 2013 年 第 35 卷第 11 期, 页码：2 - 10
摘要
参考文献
摘要
国际创业研究始于1994年,经过近20年的发展积累了丰富的知识储备,具备了作为一门独立学科的基本条件。本文在系统梳理和回顾1994~2012年间该领域发表的重要研究文献的基础上,首先探究了国际创业学兴起的背景,然后阐明了国际创业学理论基础、学科定义、研究范畴和分析框架的发展变迁等关系到学科界定的重大问题,最后对该领域的研究现状进行了简评,并对未来研究提出了若干建议。
[1]Acs Z,et al.Toward new horizons:The internationalisation of entrepreneurship[J].Journal of International Entrepreneurship,2003,1(1):5-12.
[2]Ardichvili A,et al.A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2003,18(1):105-123.
[3]Aspelund A,et al.A review of the foundation,international marketing strategies,and performance of international new ventures[J].European Journal of Marketing,2007,41(11/12):1423-1448.
[4]Chandra Y,et al.The recognition of first time international entrepreneurial opportunities:Evidence from firms in knowledge-based industries[J].International Marketing Review,2009,26(1):30-61.
[5]Chandra Y,et al.An opportunity-based view of rapid internationalization[J].Journal of International Marketing,2012,20(1):74-102.
[6]Coombs J E,et al.Two decades of international entrepreneurship research:What have we learned-where do we go from here?[J].International Journal of Entrepreneurship,2009,13(1):23-64.
[7]Coviello N E and Jones M V.Methodological issues in international entrepreneurship research[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2004,19(4):485-508.
[8]Coviello N E,et al.The emergence,advance and future of international entrepreneurship research—An introduction to the special forum[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2011,26(6):625-631.
[9]Dimitratos P and Jones M V.Future directions for international entrepreneurship research[J].International Business Review,2005,14(2):119-128.
[10]Jones M V and Coviello N E.Internationalization:Conceptualising an entrepreneurial process of behavior in time[J].Journal of International Business Studies,2005,36(3):284-303.
[11]Jones M V,et al.International entrepreneurship research(1989-2009):A domain ontology and thematic analysis[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2011,26(6):632-659.
[12]Keupp M M and Gassmann O.The past and the future of international entrepreneurship:A review and suggestions for developing the field[J].Journal of Management,2009,35(3):600-633.
[13]Knight G and Cavusgil S T.The born global firm:A challenge to traditional internationalization theory[A].Cavusgil S T and Madsen T(Eds.).Advances in international marketing[C].Greenwich,CT:JAI Press,1996:11-26.
[14]McDougall P P and Oviatt B M.International entrepreneurship literature in the 1990sand directions for future research[A].Sexton D L and Smilor R W(Eds.).Entrepreneurship2000[C].Chicago,IL:Upstart Publishing Company,1997:291-320.
[15]McDougall P P and Oviatt B M.International entrepreneurship:The intersection of two research paths[J].Academy of Management Journal,2000,43(5):902-906.
[16]McDougall P P and Oviatt B M.Some fundamental issues in international entrepreneurship[J/OL].2003,http://www.hajarian.com/esterategic/tarjomeh/88-1/farahzadi.pdf,accessed on Dec.12,2012.
[17]Oviatt B M and McDougall P P.Toward a theory of international new ventures[J].Journal of International Business Studies,1994,25(1):45-64.
[18]Oviatt B M and McDougall P P.Global start-ups:Entrepreneurs on a worldwide stage[J].Academy of Management Executive,1995,9(2):30-44.
[19]Oviatt B M and McDougall P P.The internationalization of entrepreneurship[J].Journal of International Business Studies,2005a,36(1):2-8.
[20]Oviatt B M and McDougall P P.Defining international entrepreneurship and modeling the speed of internationalization[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2005b,29(5):537-554.
[21]Peiris I K,et al.International entrepreneurship:A critical analysis of studies in the past two decades and future directions for research[J].Journal of International Entrepre-neurship,2012,10(4):279-324.
[22]Rialp A,et al.The phenomenon of early internationalizing firms:What do we know after a decade(1993-2003)of scientific inquiry[J].International Business Review,2005,14(2):147-166.
[23]Young S,et al.International entrepreneurship research:What scope for international business theories?[J].Journal of International Entrepreneurship,2003,1(1):31-42.
[24]Zahra S A.A theory of international new ventures:A decade of research[J].Journal of International Business Studies,2005,36(1):20-28.
[25]Zahra S A and George G.International entrepreneurship:The current status of the field and future research agenda[A].Hitt M A,et al(Eds.).Strategic entrepreneurship:Creating a new mindset[C].Oxford,UK:Blackwell Publishers,2002:255-288.
[26]薛求知,朱吉庆.国际创业研究述评[J].外国经济与管理,2006,(28)8-15.
[27]周劲波,黄胜.关系网络视角下的国际创业研究述评[J].外国经济与管理,2013,(2):22-33.
[28]朱秀梅,张妍,李明芳.国际创业研究演进探析及未来展望[J].外国经济与管理,2011,(11):21-28.
①“国际创业”(international entrepreneurship)概念最早由Morrow(1988)提出。关于国际创业学的发端,学术界存在不同的观点。一种观点认为其发端于McDougall(1989)的论文(如Acs等,2003;Coombs等,2009;Coviello等,2011),另一种观点则认为应以Oviatt和McDougall(1994)的论文为起点(如Autio,2005;Aspelund等,2007;Keupp和Gassmann,2009;Peiris等,2012;周劲波和黄胜,2013)。本文认为,1989~1994年间,虽然出现了一些可归属于国际创业学范畴的研究(如Jolly等,1992;Rennie,1993),但这些成果极为零散,远未形成气候。因此,本文把此阶段作为国际创业学的酝酿阶段,而把1994年作为其正式兴起的起点。这符合学界的主流观点。
②如于1998年开始举办的“The Annual McGill International Entrepreneurship Conference Series”、于2003年创刊的《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》以及于2009年开设的iescholar.net。
③Vahlne和Wiedersheim-Paul(1973)把心理距离界定为语言、文化以及经济政治制度差异等影响企业和目标市场之间信息流动的诸多因素的集合体。心理距离可反映市场不确定性以及相应的信息获取成本(Ellis,2000)。
④Penrose(1959)把知识分为两类:一类是可直接由他人传授的客观知识;另一类是只能通过亲身经历获取的经验知识。这里有一个重要假设:市场知识是主要通过经营活动获得的经验知识。
⑤“创业维度”(entrepreneurial dimensions)概念源自于战略管理研究领域。Covin和Slevin(1989)认为,它包括创新性、行动超前性和风险承担性三个维度,后来Lumpkin和Dess(1996)又对其进行了扩展。
⑥“天生全球企业”这个概念最早出现在Rennie(1993)的“Born Global”论文中。
⑦天生全球企业的国际化程度一般用企业国际营收在总营收中的占比来度量,但具体标准不一。如Rennie(1993)采用25%,Zahra(2000)5%,Moen和Servais(2002)以及Chetty和Cambell-Hunt(2004)70%,等等。
⑧“公司创业”(corporate entrepreneurship)概念由现代管理学之父彼得·德鲁克提出,是指成熟组织或社会实体尤其是企业实施的创业。
⑨受到在创业学界广泛流行的社会创业(social entrepreneurship)概念的启发,McDougall和Oviatt(2000)把非营利组织和政府机构的创业性国际化问题也纳入了国际创业学的研究范畴。
[2]Ardichvili A,et al.A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2003,18(1):105-123.
[3]Aspelund A,et al.A review of the foundation,international marketing strategies,and performance of international new ventures[J].European Journal of Marketing,2007,41(11/12):1423-1448.
[4]Chandra Y,et al.The recognition of first time international entrepreneurial opportunities:Evidence from firms in knowledge-based industries[J].International Marketing Review,2009,26(1):30-61.
[5]Chandra Y,et al.An opportunity-based view of rapid internationalization[J].Journal of International Marketing,2012,20(1):74-102.
[6]Coombs J E,et al.Two decades of international entrepreneurship research:What have we learned-where do we go from here?[J].International Journal of Entrepreneurship,2009,13(1):23-64.
[7]Coviello N E and Jones M V.Methodological issues in international entrepreneurship research[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2004,19(4):485-508.
[8]Coviello N E,et al.The emergence,advance and future of international entrepreneurship research—An introduction to the special forum[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2011,26(6):625-631.
[9]Dimitratos P and Jones M V.Future directions for international entrepreneurship research[J].International Business Review,2005,14(2):119-128.
[10]Jones M V and Coviello N E.Internationalization:Conceptualising an entrepreneurial process of behavior in time[J].Journal of International Business Studies,2005,36(3):284-303.
[11]Jones M V,et al.International entrepreneurship research(1989-2009):A domain ontology and thematic analysis[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2011,26(6):632-659.
[12]Keupp M M and Gassmann O.The past and the future of international entrepreneurship:A review and suggestions for developing the field[J].Journal of Management,2009,35(3):600-633.
[13]Knight G and Cavusgil S T.The born global firm:A challenge to traditional internationalization theory[A].Cavusgil S T and Madsen T(Eds.).Advances in international marketing[C].Greenwich,CT:JAI Press,1996:11-26.
[14]McDougall P P and Oviatt B M.International entrepreneurship literature in the 1990sand directions for future research[A].Sexton D L and Smilor R W(Eds.).Entrepreneurship2000[C].Chicago,IL:Upstart Publishing Company,1997:291-320.
[15]McDougall P P and Oviatt B M.International entrepreneurship:The intersection of two research paths[J].Academy of Management Journal,2000,43(5):902-906.
[16]McDougall P P and Oviatt B M.Some fundamental issues in international entrepreneurship[J/OL].2003,http://www.hajarian.com/esterategic/tarjomeh/88-1/farahzadi.pdf,accessed on Dec.12,2012.
[17]Oviatt B M and McDougall P P.Toward a theory of international new ventures[J].Journal of International Business Studies,1994,25(1):45-64.
[18]Oviatt B M and McDougall P P.Global start-ups:Entrepreneurs on a worldwide stage[J].Academy of Management Executive,1995,9(2):30-44.
[19]Oviatt B M and McDougall P P.The internationalization of entrepreneurship[J].Journal of International Business Studies,2005a,36(1):2-8.
[20]Oviatt B M and McDougall P P.Defining international entrepreneurship and modeling the speed of internationalization[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2005b,29(5):537-554.
[21]Peiris I K,et al.International entrepreneurship:A critical analysis of studies in the past two decades and future directions for research[J].Journal of International Entrepre-neurship,2012,10(4):279-324.
[22]Rialp A,et al.The phenomenon of early internationalizing firms:What do we know after a decade(1993-2003)of scientific inquiry[J].International Business Review,2005,14(2):147-166.
[23]Young S,et al.International entrepreneurship research:What scope for international business theories?[J].Journal of International Entrepreneurship,2003,1(1):31-42.
[24]Zahra S A.A theory of international new ventures:A decade of research[J].Journal of International Business Studies,2005,36(1):20-28.
[25]Zahra S A and George G.International entrepreneurship:The current status of the field and future research agenda[A].Hitt M A,et al(Eds.).Strategic entrepreneurship:Creating a new mindset[C].Oxford,UK:Blackwell Publishers,2002:255-288.
[26]薛求知,朱吉庆.国际创业研究述评[J].外国经济与管理,2006,(28)8-15.
[27]周劲波,黄胜.关系网络视角下的国际创业研究述评[J].外国经济与管理,2013,(2):22-33.
[28]朱秀梅,张妍,李明芳.国际创业研究演进探析及未来展望[J].外国经济与管理,2011,(11):21-28.
①“国际创业”(international entrepreneurship)概念最早由Morrow(1988)提出。关于国际创业学的发端,学术界存在不同的观点。一种观点认为其发端于McDougall(1989)的论文(如Acs等,2003;Coombs等,2009;Coviello等,2011),另一种观点则认为应以Oviatt和McDougall(1994)的论文为起点(如Autio,2005;Aspelund等,2007;Keupp和Gassmann,2009;Peiris等,2012;周劲波和黄胜,2013)。本文认为,1989~1994年间,虽然出现了一些可归属于国际创业学范畴的研究(如Jolly等,1992;Rennie,1993),但这些成果极为零散,远未形成气候。因此,本文把此阶段作为国际创业学的酝酿阶段,而把1994年作为其正式兴起的起点。这符合学界的主流观点。
②如于1998年开始举办的“The Annual McGill International Entrepreneurship Conference Series”、于2003年创刊的《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》以及于2009年开设的iescholar.net。
③Vahlne和Wiedersheim-Paul(1973)把心理距离界定为语言、文化以及经济政治制度差异等影响企业和目标市场之间信息流动的诸多因素的集合体。心理距离可反映市场不确定性以及相应的信息获取成本(Ellis,2000)。
④Penrose(1959)把知识分为两类:一类是可直接由他人传授的客观知识;另一类是只能通过亲身经历获取的经验知识。这里有一个重要假设:市场知识是主要通过经营活动获得的经验知识。
⑤“创业维度”(entrepreneurial dimensions)概念源自于战略管理研究领域。Covin和Slevin(1989)认为,它包括创新性、行动超前性和风险承担性三个维度,后来Lumpkin和Dess(1996)又对其进行了扩展。
⑥“天生全球企业”这个概念最早出现在Rennie(1993)的“Born Global”论文中。
⑦天生全球企业的国际化程度一般用企业国际营收在总营收中的占比来度量,但具体标准不一。如Rennie(1993)采用25%,Zahra(2000)5%,Moen和Servais(2002)以及Chetty和Cambell-Hunt(2004)70%,等等。
⑧“公司创业”(corporate entrepreneurship)概念由现代管理学之父彼得·德鲁克提出,是指成熟组织或社会实体尤其是企业实施的创业。
⑨受到在创业学界广泛流行的社会创业(social entrepreneurship)概念的启发,McDougall和Oviatt(2000)把非营利组织和政府机构的创业性国际化问题也纳入了国际创业学的研究范畴。
引用本文
戴可乔, 曹德骏. 国际创业学发展历程探析与未来研究展望[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2013, 35(11): 2–10.
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