企业认知地图研究:内涵、形成与效应
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外国经济与管理 2014 年 第 36 卷第 10 期, 页码：32 - 39
摘要
参考文献
摘要
企业认知地图是管理者在与环境互动的过程中,所习得的一组知识模式,它是管理者对外部环境认知的一种简化。本文基于对认知地图相关文献的系统梳理,总结与评价了企业认知地图的内涵界定、维度构成与测量方式等研究成果的创新与不足之处。文章通过整合分析发现,认知地图的形成因素大致包括产业环境、社会资本与人口背景特征三类,并且主要通过战略行为、动态能力和注意力配置三条路径进一步影响组织绩效。本文认为未来研究应从认知地图测量工具的开发、影响因素的识别、认知地图与组织绩效之间中介变量的探析以及调节变量的引入等视角深化认知地图的研究。
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[2]Bowman C.Perception of strategy,realised strategy,consensus and performance[D].Unpublished PhD thesis,Cranfield Institute of Technology,1991.
[3]Calori R,Johnson G and Sarnin P.CEOs’cognitive maps and the scope of the organization[J].Strategic Management Journal,1994,15(6):437-457.
[4]Crilly D and Sloan P.Enterprise logic:Explaining corporate attention to stakeholders from the“inside-out”[J].Strategic Management Journal,2012,33(10):1174-119.
[5]Daniels K,Johnson G and Chernatony L.Differences in managerial cognitions of competition[J].British Journal of Management,1994,5:S21-S29.
[6]Daniels K,Johnson G and Chernatony L.Task and institutional influences on managers’mental models of competition[J].Organization Studies,2002,23(1):31-62.
[7]Duncan R B.Characteristics of perceived environment and perceived environmental uncertainty[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1972,17(3):313-327.
[8]Eggers J P and Kaplan S.Cognition and renewal:Comparing CEO and organizational effects on incumbent adaptation to technical change[J].Organization Science,2009,20(2):461-477.
[9]Gardner Riley W,Schoen and Robert A.Differentiation and abstraction in concept formation[J].Psychological Monographs:General and Applied,1962,76(41):1-21.
[10]Gary M S and Wood R E.Mental models,Decision rules,and performance heterogeneity[J].Strategic Management Journal,2008,32(6):569-594.
[11]Hambrick D C and Mason P A.Upper echelons:The organization as a reflection of its top manager[J].Academy of Management Review,1984,9(2):193-206.
[12]Hudson L.Contrary imaginations[M].Harmondsworth:Penguin,1966.
[13]Huff A S.Industry influences on strategy formulation[J].Strategic Management Journal,1982,3(2):119-130.
[14]Jerkins M and Johnson G.Linking managerial cognition and organizational performance:A preliminary investigation using causal maps[J].British Journal of Management,1997,8:S77-90.
[15]Johnson G.Strategic change and the management process[M].Blackwell,Oxford,1987.
[16]Kabanoff B and Brown S.Knowledge structures of prospectors,analyzers,and defenders:Content,structure,stability,and performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,2008,29(2):149-171.
[17]Keefe D J and Sypher H E.Cognitive complexity measures and the relationship of cognitive complexity to communication[J].Human Communication Research,1981,8(1):72-92.
[18]Kirton M.Adaptors and innovators:a description and measure[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1976,61(5):622-629.
[19]Laukkanen M A.Computer method for comparative cognitive mapping[Z].Paper presented at The International Workshop on Managerial and Organizational Cognition,Brussels,1993.
[20]Laukkanen M.Comparative cause mapping of organizational cognitions[J].Organization Science,1994,5(3):322-343.
[21]Levy O.The influence of top management team attention patterns on global strategic posture of firms[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,2005,26(7):797-819.
[22]Marcel,J.,Barr,Pamela,S.,Duhaime,I M.The influence of executive cognition on competitive dynamics[J].Strategic Management Journal,2010,32(2):115-138.
[23]Marcy R T and Mumford M D.Leader cognition:Enhancing leader performance through causal analysis[J].The Leadership Quarterly,2010,21(1):1-19.
[24]McNamara G M,Luce R A and Tompson G H.Examining the effect of complexity in strategic group knowledge structures on firm performance strategic management[J].Strategic Management Journal,2002,23(2):153-170.
[25]Moors A and Houwer J.Automaticity:A theoretical and conceptual analysis[J].Psychological Bulletin,2006,132:297-326.
[26]Nadkarni S and Barr P S.Environmental context,managerial cognition,and strategic action:An integrated view[J].Strategic Management Journal,2008,29(13):1395-1427.
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[28]Prahalad C K and Bettis R A.The dominant logic:A new linkage between diversity and performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,1986,7(6):485-501.
[29]Scott W A.Cognitive complexity and cognitive flexibility[J].Sociometry,1962,25(4):405-414.
[30]Spender J C.Industry recipes:An enquiry into the nature and sources of managerial judgement[M].Blackwell,Oxford,1989.
[31]Swan J.Using cognitive mapping in management research:Decisions about Technical Innovation[J].British Journal of Management,1997,8:183-198.
[32]Teece D J,Pisano G and Shuen A.Dynamic capabilities and strategic management[J].Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(7):509-533.
[33]Thomas J B,Clark S M and Gioia D A.Strategic sensemaking and organizational performance:Linkages among scanning,interpretation,action and outcomes[J].Academy of Management Journa1,1993,36(2):239-270.
[34]Tolman E.Cognitive maps in rats and men[J].Psychological Review,1948,55:189-208.
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[37]Walsh J P.Managerial and organizational cognition:Notes from a trip down memory lane[J].Organization Science,1995,6(3):280-321.
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[43]吕萍,王以华.基于组织免疫视角的企业适应性研究[J].科研管理,2008,29(1):164-171.
[44]马骏,席酉民,曾宪聚.战略的选择:管理认知与经验搜索[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007(11):114-119.
[45]尚航标,黄培伦.管理认知与动态环境下企业竞争优势:万和集团案例研究[J].南开管理评论,2010,13(3):70-79.
[46]尚航标.动态环境下战略决策者管理认知对战略反应速度与动态能力的影响研究[D].华南理工大学,博士学位论文,2010.
[47]苏丹,黄旭.基于因果映射分析的高管战略逻辑研究[J].技术经济与管理研究,2011(5):50-54.
[48]萧延高,翁治林.企业竞争优势理论发展的源与流[J].电子科技大学学报:社会科学版,2010,12(6):7-15.
[49]张利燕.认知操作、认知方式与人格特征的关系[D].华南师范大学,博士学位论文,2004.
[50]张梅,辛自强.社会认知复杂性测量方法的比较[J].心理研究,2008,1(2):36-41.
[51]张文慧,张志学,刘雪峰.决策者的认知特征对决策过程及企业战略选择的影响[J].心理学报,2005,37(3):373-381.
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廖中举. 企业认知地图研究:内涵、形成与效应[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2014, 36(10): 32–39.
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