现有研究大多数关注了人工智能(AI)技术采用强度对企业绩效的影响,而忽视了采用速度这一重要维度可能带来的企业竞争优势。对于AI这项新技术,同行业内的企业应该选择“争先恐后”的快速跟进策略,还是“后发制人”的跟随者策略?本研究采用2000—2023年中国上市公司数据构建了AI采用速度的指标,并通过固定效应模型对竞争优势的相对指标经行业调整的勒纳指数和绝对指标投资回报率进行回归分析。研究发现,在先发优势和先发劣势双重机制的作用下,企业AI采用速度与竞争优势呈倒U形关系,并且在进行一系列稳健性检验后结果仍然成立。基于资源基础理论,当企业具备不同的资源基础时这种倒U形关系可能发生变化:当企业高管中IT背景的比例高时,高管对AI的知识储备和关注增强了先发优势,抑制了先发劣势,抛物线拐点右移、曲率变小;当数字互补性资产存量高时,良好的数字化基础与新采用的AI技术产生了协同效应,抛物线曲率也发生缩小、拐点轻微右移。进一步异质性分析表明,AI采用强度越高竞争优势拐点会越早到来;在制造业和专精特新企业中,AI采用速度与竞争优势的倒U形关系更加显著。综上,本研究弥补了AI采用速度维度研究的不足,丰富了AI战略领域的研究成果,发现并解释了其与竞争优势的倒U形关系,同时也有助于为企业选择合适的AI采用时机提供了实践指导。
“争先恐后”还是“后发制人”?——企业人工智能采用速度与竞争优势
摘要
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引用本文
贺小刚, 李宁泊. “争先恐后”还是“后发制人”?——企业人工智能采用速度与竞争优势[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2026, 48(1): 115-131.
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