Enhancing the resilience and security of industrial and supply chains is a crucial measure for preventing external risks and ensuring the stable operation of the national economy. Against the background of accelerating global supply chain restructuring, intensifying geopolitical tensions, and frequent trade frictions, Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese Modernization explicitly calls for the establishment of institutional systems to strengthen the resilience and security of industrial and supply chains. Therefore, exploring effective approaches to enhance supply chain resilience has become a vital issue in developing new quality productive forces and building a new security architecture in China.

This paper focuses on the impact of commercial distribution system standardization on the supply chain resilience of enterprises served by commercial circulation. The findings show that commercial distribution system standardization significantly enhances supply chain resilience. Mechanism testing indicates that this effect operates mainly through promoting diversification in the geographic distribution of supply chains, optimizing supply-demand matching, and facilitating upstream-downstream coordination. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that this effect is more pronounced in firms facing higher operational uncertainty, those with lower supply chain information transparency, and those located in cities with more developed circulation infrastructure. Economic consequences demonstrate that commercial distribution system standardization improves firms’ TFP by strengthening their supply chain resilience.

This paper makes the following contributions: First, it incorporates commercial distribution system stan- dardization as an institutional variable into the analysis framework, expanding the research on the influencing factors of supply chain resilience and making up for the shortcomings of existing literature that focuses more on macro or micro factors. Second, from the perspective of supply chain resilience, it enriches the theoretical connotation of commercial distribution system standardization empowering the high-quality development of other industries. Third, it reveals the transmission mechanism of commercial distribution system standardization promoting the growth of TFP by enhancing supply chain resilience.