《企业技术创新能力提升行动方案》的出台旨在强化我国企业在科技创新方面的主体地位。在“逆全球化”和各国科技竞争日趋激烈的背景下,探讨美国加征关税对我国企业创新的影响具有重要意义。为此,文章基于一个带有金融摩擦和企业内生研发决策的国际贸易模型,提出美国加征关税影响企业创新的两个作用渠道:市场规模和融资约束。文章进一步采用合并的上市公司数据、海关数据和关税数据,利用美国加征关税在企业层面的准自然实验构建双重差分模型进行实证检验。实证结果显示:第一,美国加征关税显著降低了我国企业的创新投入和产出;第二,加征关税的负面效应主要由高科技企业和行业不可逆投资更高的企业承担,且地区层面有针对性的政策可以有效抵消美国加征关税对企业创新的负面影响;第三,从作用渠道来看,加征关税主要通过市场规模效应和融资约束渠道发挥作用。综上所述,我国要积极采取相应措施应对中美贸易摩擦,充分发挥企业创新对推动经济高质量发展的重要支撑作用。
西风凛冽,东风何往:美国加征关税与中国企业创新
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引用本文
吕金秋, 车翼, 张燕, 等. 西风凛冽,东风何往:美国加征关税与中国企业创新[J]. 财经研究, 2025, 51(4): 34-48.
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