现有关于环境管制与就业的研究大多忽略了环境管制类型之间的经济效应差异,集中于研究末端环境管制对就业的影响。事实上,不同类型的环境管制政策,其作用机制和效果存在较大的差异;相比于末端环境管制,前端污染治理更多地涉及企业资本投入增加对就业的多渠道影响,更加错综复杂。鉴于此,文章将2001−2005年我国省区层面的清洁生产政策作为外在冲击,并将就业在行业间的再分配效应纳入分析范畴,运用拟断点回归方法,从企业层面考察了前端污染治理对我国企业吸纳就业能力的影响,并探讨了其作用的微观机制。实证结果显示:(1)总体上,前端污染治理对就业产生了正向作用,提高了企业的就业吸纳能力。(2)从影响机制看,前端污染治理主要通过正向的规模效应和市场选择效应提升了企业的就业吸纳能力,具体表现为:前端污染治理通过激励企业更新生产设备而提高了企业的生产效率,而且这一效率提升效应大于生产成本增加效应,最终促使企业扩大生产规模,吸纳更多的就业;通过市场的进入和退出,前端污染治理使得具有一定规模的高效率企业得以进入和存活,进而使整个市场吸纳了更多的就业。(3)从影响的异质性来看,前端污染治理的正向影响主要作用于污染密集型行业、大规模企业和国有企业。上述结论对于制定合理的环境政策,有效调整就业方向,实现环境改善、经济可持续发展和缓解就业压力具有重要的政策涵义。
前端污染治理与我国企业的就业吸纳——基于拟断点回归方法的考察
摘要
参考文献
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引用本文
张慧玲, 盛丹. 前端污染治理与我国企业的就业吸纳——基于拟断点回归方法的考察[J]. 财经研究, 2019, 45(1): 58-74.
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