4193 
3316智能制造是我国制造强国建设的主攻方向。推动人工智能技术应用和发展以及提升智能化生产水平，对我国实现制造强国战略目标和构筑国际竞争新优势具有深远意义。文章构建包含融资约束、内生人工智能技术创新和劳动力市场摩擦的基于任务的模型，讨论融资约束如何影响智能化生产水平，进而如何影响产出和就业水平。文章研究发现：第一，由于不同任务实现智能替代的难易程度存在差异，放松融资约束能够促进企业人工智能技术研发，提高实现智能化生产的任务占比，从而促进智能资本使用。第二，智能化生产水平的提高通过机器替代效应和岗位创造效应对不同技能劳动力产生异质性影响，而从总体层面上看，智能化生产水平提高促进了产出增加，降低了总体失业率。因此，智能制造转型升级过程中应充分发挥金融市场的作用，并需要协调智能制造与就业的关系，以降低机器替代对就业的负向冲击。具体措施包括加强企业进入激励、促进行业融合发展、消除劳动力市场壁垒以及转变劳动力技能结构等。文章的研究对我国当前推动智能化生产转型升级有一定的参考价值。
融资约束、人工智能与经济增长
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引用本文
章潇萌, 刘相波. 融资约束、人工智能与经济增长[J]. 财经研究, 2022, 48(8): 63-77.
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