Technological factor marketization is a cornerstone of refining the market economy and a key instrument for achieving high-level tech self-reliance and fostering a new development paradigm. Taking the establishment of National Technology Transfer Centers as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper examines the impact of technological factor marketization on corporate total factor productivity (TFP). The results show that technological factor marketization significantly boosts TFP. Mechanism testing indicates that this effect is mainly achieved through enhanced technology spillovers, increased corporate innovation, and a deeper division of labor. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the promotion effect is more pronounced for firms with higher government innovation subsidies, those in high-tech and highly competitive industries, and those located in regions with a more mature market for technological outcomes. The findings of this paper not only offer novel insights into the microeconomic consequences of technological factor marketization, but also provide robust empirical evidence to guide policy-making aimed at fostering firm growth.