Under the background that almost all the social organizations have established primary-level Party organizations which have played important roles, whether the Party organization construction of social organizations can promote social governance is a theoretical and practical problem worthy of in-depth study. The listed company charitable foundation is the most flexible and standardized organization type in social organizations. It has strict management regulations in financial audit, information disclosure, supervision and inspection, and discloses the construction information of primary-level Party organizations in detail, providing opportunities for the research on the social function of the Party organization construction of social organizations.

Based on operational quality and operational efficiency, this paper chooses the listed company charitable foundation as the research object and empirically discusses the impact of the Party organization construction of the foundation on philanthropy and its situational dependence. The results show that, the construction of primary-level Party organizations can not only improve operational quality, promoting the foundation to obtain a higher rating from the registration and management authority of social organizations; but also enhance operational efficiency, allowing more donations to be used for public welfare and philanthropy. The greater the proportion of Party members as foundation supervisors, the more obvious the improvement effect of Party organization construction on operational quality. Further research finds that, the Party construction of the foundation has a positive impact on operational quality and operational efficiency by restricting the governance of the foundation. When the Party organization of the founder listed company is the superior Party organization of the foundation, the positive impact of the construction of primary-level Party organizations on operational quality and operational efficiency become more stronger, which demonstrates that the superior Party organization does not damage the social public welfare due to the importance of economic interests in the listed company, and plays an excellent guiding role for the Party organization of the foundation.

Based on the unique data of the Party organization construction of the foundation, this paper deeply analyzes the differences of the specific characteristics of the Party organization construction of social organizations in the exertion of social functions, which extends the theoretical interpretation level to the large sample empirical research level. Moreover, based on the comprehensive quality (operational quality) and core business ability (operational efficiency) of the foundation’s public welfare and charity activities, this paper not only tests the leading function of the construction of primary-level Party organizations in grasping the overall situation, but also depicts the control ability in key dimensions. It also provides empirical evidence for the research on the social function of the Party organization construction of social organizations.

From the perspective of the multi-dimensional characteristics and activities of Party organizations, this paper comprehensively analyzes the differential impact of the Party organization construction of the foundation in the field of charity, which has reference value for the social function practice of the Party organization construction of the foundation. The Party organization construction of the foundation must be organically combined with the internal governance, ensure the independence of activity funds and administrative funds, and fully consider the potential conflict of interests behind the allocation of rights and responsibilities in the foundation. Only in this way, can the positive guiding goals of the Party organization construction of the foundation on social governance be realized.