大多对最低工资的关注都集中在劳动力权益保护以及地区劳动力吸引力方面,忽略了地区间最低工资竞争对地区间劳动力流动和劳动力资源配置的影响。文章基于各地最低工资标准和流动人口动态监测数据,测算了地区间人口流动矩阵,发现地方政府竞争性上调最低工资的行为引导了劳动力的空间流动。城市间的最低工资标准差距越大,从低标准区域向高标准区域的人口流入就会越多;其中流入地、流出地的最低工资上涨都表现出吸引劳动力的拉力作用,标准越高拉力越大。其原因主要在于,2010—2016年间最低工资上涨能显著提升85%收入分位以下流动人群的收入,成为绝大多数移民的工资增长路径,其中低学历、低收入、农业户籍表现得更加强烈。进一步探讨要素配置发现,最低工资通过“抢人大战”推动本地产业升级的同时,也会对周边地区产生负向溢出,进而产生了更大范围的劳动错配,而资本错配没有显著变化;其引致的劳动错配在最低工资竞争程度弱的地区极大弱化,在市场化程度高、国企占比低、政府赤字低、外商投资高、二产占比低的地区略有缓解。据此,文章认为地方政府应确保最低工资上调幅度符合当地经济条件、劳动要素禀赋和企业承受能力,消除地方保护主义带来的过度政府竞争,有助于缓解流入劳动力供给与流入地劳动力需求结构不匹配的问题。
最低工资标准影响劳动力空间配置吗?——基于地方政府竞争视角的分析
摘要
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引用本文
陈勇吏, 李经, 魏下海. 最低工资标准影响劳动力空间配置吗?——基于地方政府竞争视角的分析[J]. 财经研究, 2022, 48(10): 108-122.
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