3298 
5312探讨教育的机会不平等可以为改善人力资本不平等、促进弱势儿童发展以及缓解代际传递等重要话题提供经验证据。基于中国家庭收入调查2002—2018年四轮数据，文章测算了中国教育机会不平等系数及其变化趋势，并估计了不同环境变量对教育机会不平等的贡献度。研究发现：近20年中国的教育不平等呈现下降趋势；而教育机会不平等也在2018年呈现较大降幅。其中，户口和父亲受教育年限是贡献较大的两个环境变量。随着时间推移，户口对教育机会不平等的解释力度逐渐减小，而父亲受教育年限的解释力度逐渐增大。从教育质量的角度出发，近年来家庭背景因素在解释上重点大学的机会不平等中占据主要地位。纳入努力变量的结果表明，努力的贡献度在2018年更高，即通过努力来消解教育机会不平等的可能性越来越大。然而，努力仍未在高质量教育获得中发挥重要作用。文章较为全面地描绘了中国教育机会不平等变动趋势及其成因，为下一步在教育事业深化改革过程中推进教育公平和提升教育质量提供了经验证据。
教育机会不平等的变化趋势及成因：2002—2018年*
摘要
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引用本文
赵心慧. 教育机会不平等的变化趋势及成因：2002—2018年*[J]. 财经研究, 2023, 49(2): 79-94.
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