海底文物返还的法律问题分析及其启示——以西班牙沉船案为例
上海财经大学学报 2012 年 第 14 卷第 06 期, 页码:32 - 39
摘要
参考文献
摘要
本文通过美国联邦上诉法院近期作出的关于西班牙沉船案判决的案例分析,详细论述该案所引发的海底文物返还的法律问题,包括水下文化遗产的法律定性、法律归属、主权豁免、保护管辖等方面,并在此基础上探讨此类案件的相关国际条约与国内立法的适用问题,尤其是对我国追索流失海外文化财产和水下遗产保护的借鉴意义。
①资料来源:联合国教科文组织官网,全球水下文化遗产(http://whc.unesco.org/about world underwaterheritage);王兴栋:“全球约有300万艘沉船”,中国经济网(2007.5.27)。
②资料来源:Odyssey Marine Exploration,Inc.v.Kingdom of Spain,U.S.Court of Appeals for EleventhCircuit,Docket No.10-10269J。
③Odyssey’s Resp.to Spain’s Motion to Dismiss,Dkt.138at 3.
④“No ship existed.No hull.No keel.No intact structure suggesting the presence of a ves-sel”.See Odys-sey Marine Exploration,Inc.v.The Unidentified Shipwrecked Vessel,Case No.8:07-cv-00614-sdM-MaP,Plaintiff,Odyssey Marine Exploration,inc.’s response to claimant,Kingdom of Spain’s Motion toDismiss or for Summary Judgment,17November 2008,p.6.
⑤Odyssey Marine Exploration,Inc.v.The Unidentified,Shipwrecked Vessel,D.C.Docket No.00614-SDM-MAP.
⑥See Kevin Berean,Sea Hunt,Inc.v.The Unidentified Shipwrecked Vessel or Vessels:How the FourthCircuit Rocked the Boat,67BROOK.L.REv.1249,1252(2002).
⑦See Sea Hunt,Inc.v.Unidentified,Shipwrecked Vessel or Vessels,47F.Supp.2d678,685-88(E.D.Va.1999).
⑧See,e.g.,Martha's Vineyard Scuba Headquarters,Inc.v.Unidentified,Wrecked&Abandoned Steam-Vessel,833F.2d1059,1065(1st Cir.1987);Klein v.Unidentified,Wrecked&Abandoned Sailing Ves-sel,758F.2d1511,1514(11th Cir.1985);Treasure Salvors,Inc.v.Unidentified Wrecked&AbandonedSailingVessel,569F.2d330,337(5th Cir.1978).
⑨Clinton,“statement on United States Policy for the Protection of Sunken Warships”,Weekly Compilation ofPresidential Documents 195,22January 2001.
See communication from the Government of the Russian federation to the US State Department,3October2003,in US Department of State,OFFICE OF OCEAN AFFAIRS,cit.supra note 24.
2008年10月13日,该公约已获得西班牙、古巴、葡萄牙、尼日利亚等20个国家的批准,达到了公约生效所必需的国家数目。
资料来源:人民网-《人民日报》海外版,2007年6月14日。
Tullio Scovazzi.The entry into force of the2001UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the UnderwaterCultural Heritage[J].Aegean Rev Law Sea,2010(1):26.
鲁叔媛:《我国遗失物拾得制度之完善》,《政治与法律》2010年第9期。
参见《中国文物报》2011年5月27日。
赵亚娟:《联合国教科文组织〈保护水下遗产公约〉研究》,厦门大学出版社2004年版,第167页。
②资料来源:Odyssey Marine Exploration,Inc.v.Kingdom of Spain,U.S.Court of Appeals for EleventhCircuit,Docket No.10-10269J。
③Odyssey’s Resp.to Spain’s Motion to Dismiss,Dkt.138at 3.
④“No ship existed.No hull.No keel.No intact structure suggesting the presence of a ves-sel”.See Odys-sey Marine Exploration,Inc.v.The Unidentified Shipwrecked Vessel,Case No.8:07-cv-00614-sdM-MaP,Plaintiff,Odyssey Marine Exploration,inc.’s response to claimant,Kingdom of Spain’s Motion toDismiss or for Summary Judgment,17November 2008,p.6.
⑤Odyssey Marine Exploration,Inc.v.The Unidentified,Shipwrecked Vessel,D.C.Docket No.00614-SDM-MAP.
⑥See Kevin Berean,Sea Hunt,Inc.v.The Unidentified Shipwrecked Vessel or Vessels:How the FourthCircuit Rocked the Boat,67BROOK.L.REv.1249,1252(2002).
⑦See Sea Hunt,Inc.v.Unidentified,Shipwrecked Vessel or Vessels,47F.Supp.2d678,685-88(E.D.Va.1999).
⑧See,e.g.,Martha's Vineyard Scuba Headquarters,Inc.v.Unidentified,Wrecked&Abandoned Steam-Vessel,833F.2d1059,1065(1st Cir.1987);Klein v.Unidentified,Wrecked&Abandoned Sailing Ves-sel,758F.2d1511,1514(11th Cir.1985);Treasure Salvors,Inc.v.Unidentified Wrecked&AbandonedSailingVessel,569F.2d330,337(5th Cir.1978).
⑨Clinton,“statement on United States Policy for the Protection of Sunken Warships”,Weekly Compilation ofPresidential Documents 195,22January 2001.
See communication from the Government of the Russian federation to the US State Department,3October2003,in US Department of State,OFFICE OF OCEAN AFFAIRS,cit.supra note 24.
2008年10月13日,该公约已获得西班牙、古巴、葡萄牙、尼日利亚等20个国家的批准,达到了公约生效所必需的国家数目。
资料来源:人民网-《人民日报》海外版,2007年6月14日。
Tullio Scovazzi.The entry into force of the2001UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the UnderwaterCultural Heritage[J].Aegean Rev Law Sea,2010(1):26.
鲁叔媛:《我国遗失物拾得制度之完善》,《政治与法律》2010年第9期。
参见《中国文物报》2011年5月27日。
赵亚娟:《联合国教科文组织〈保护水下遗产公约〉研究》,厦门大学出版社2004年版,第167页。
引用本文
孙南申, 孙雯. 海底文物返还的法律问题分析及其启示——以西班牙沉船案为例[J]. 上海财经大学学报, 2012, 14(6): 32–39.
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