投资效率主要受两类因素影响,一是缺乏对项目可行性的知识和信息而导致决策失误,二是股东和经理人信息不对称导致决策偏离目标值。Alchian(1965)指出,公有制企业由于产权可转让性受到限制而难以有效解决这两类问题。文章以2001—2015年国有控股上市企业为样本,运用“渐进式”混合所有制改革“自然实验”条件,检验经济政策和经营环境不确定性对投资效率的影响,以及产权可转让性变迁带来的“纠偏”效应。结果显示,控制投资机会、资金成本、公司风险等因素,企业面临的不确定性会降低其投资效率,导致过度投资或投资不足,产权混合安排使这一状况得以缓解,同时也减轻了其所引起的非效率投资对公司价值的减损程度。在改革前后政策性负担均较重的企业,以上“纠偏”效应依然存在;产权制度环境越差的地区“纠偏”效果越好。研究表明,混合所有制改革作为早期控制权改革的深化举措,在剥离政策性负担之外,其产权专业化所带来的法人治理结构及高管选择和激励机制客观上也改进了企业效率。
混合所有制、环境不确定性与投资效率——基于产权专业化视角
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引用本文
杨志强, 李增泉. 混合所有制、环境不确定性与投资效率——基于产权专业化视角[J]. 上海财经大学学报, 2018, 20(2): 4-24.
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