试论虚拟整合与蛛网组织的关系结构化
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外国经济与管理 2007 年 第 29 卷第 11 期, 页码：18 - 24
摘要
参考文献
摘要
蛛网组织的关系结构化主要取决于核心企业对协力企业的虚拟整合。虚拟整合不仅可使核心企业同时获得低成本和差异化竞争优势,而且还可使各专业化的协力企业充分实现规模经济。本文在阐释虚拟整合内涵和蛛网组织结构特点的基础上,提出了产能结构化、知识结构化和战略结构化三个层次的关系结构化要素,最后论证了组织间科层制和组织间市场保障等蛛网组织关系结构化的基本机理。
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①对偶式关系(dyadic relationship),即一对一的企业间关系。在优势资源互补的过程中,企业之间会发生内容非常丰富的相互嵌入等关系行为,使彼此不对称的优势资源发挥巨大的创新作用。弗雷德里克.维伯斯特(Webster,1992)描述了组织间对偶行为的演进过程。一般是由纯粹市场交易逐步演进发展为重复交易和长期关系导向型交易,进而进一步演化为互惠型伙伴关系乃至战略联盟的组织关系形式。参见Frederick E Webster.The changing role of marketing in the corporation.Journal of Marketing,1992,56(3):1-17。
②Langlois(1995)所主张的协调式整合,是指独立于产权型整合(ownership integration)的另一种整合机制。这种协调式整合机制虽然可能与产权型整合机制互补,但两者之间并无一定的因果关系。参见Richard N Langlois.capabilities and coherence in firms and mar-kets.in C A Montgomery(Ed.).Resource-based and evolutionary theories of the firm:Towards a synthesis.Boston,Massachusetts:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1995:71-100.
[2](美)迈克尔.哈默.企业行动纲领[M].(赵学凯等).北京:中信出版社,2002.
[3]Fitzpatrick,W M,and Burke,D R.Form,functions,and financial performance realities for the virtual organization[J].SAM Ad-vanced Management Journal,2000,65(3):13-20.
[4]Germain,R,C Droge,and W Christensen.The mediating role of operations knowledge in the relationship of context with performance[J].Journal of Operations Management,2001,19(4):453-469.
[5]Quinn,J B.Outsourcing innovation:The new engine of growth[J].Sloan Management Review,2000,41(4):3-28.
[6]Frazier,L G,R E Spekman,and C R O’Neal.Just-in-time exchange relationships in industrial markets[J].Journal of Marketing,1988,52(4):52-67.
[7]Dyer,J H,and K Nobeoka.Creating and managing a high-performance knowledge-sharing network:The Toyota case[J].StrategicManagement Journal,2000,21(3):345-367.
[8]Schneider,B.The people make the place[J].Personnel Psychology,1987,40(3):437-453.
[9]Dyer,J H,and H Singh.The relational view:Cooperative strategy and sources of inter-organizational competitive advantage[J].A-cademy of Management Review,1998,23(4):660-679.
[10]Ragatz,G L,R B Handfield,and T V Scannell.Success factors for integrating suppliers into new product development[J].The Jour-nal of Product Innovation Management,1997,14(3):190-202.
[11]Ballou,Ronald H,Stephen M Gilbert,and Ashok Mukherjee.New managerial challenges from supply chain opportunities[J].Indus-trial Marketing Management,2000,29(1):7-18.
[12]Martin Christopher.Logistics and supply chain management:Strategies for reducing cost and improving service[M].Second Ed.London:Financial Times,1998.
[13]Grant,H.Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments:Organizational capability as knowledge integration[J].OrganizationScience:1996,7(4):375-387.
[14]Von Hippel,E.The source of innovation[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1988.
[15]Gary Hamel.Leading the revolution:How to thrive in turbulent times by making innovation a way of life[M].Boston,Massachu-setts:Harvard Business School Press,2000.
[16]Donald Mitchell,and Carol Coles.The ultimate competitive advantage:Secrets of continually developing a more profitable businessmodel[M].San Francisco,California:Berrett-Koehler Publishers,2003.
[17]Jap,S D.“Pie sharing”in complex collaboration contexts[J].Journal of Marketing Research,2001,38(4):86-99.
①对偶式关系(dyadic relationship),即一对一的企业间关系。在优势资源互补的过程中,企业之间会发生内容非常丰富的相互嵌入等关系行为,使彼此不对称的优势资源发挥巨大的创新作用。弗雷德里克.维伯斯特(Webster,1992)描述了组织间对偶行为的演进过程。一般是由纯粹市场交易逐步演进发展为重复交易和长期关系导向型交易,进而进一步演化为互惠型伙伴关系乃至战略联盟的组织关系形式。参见Frederick E Webster.The changing role of marketing in the corporation.Journal of Marketing,1992,56(3):1-17。
②Langlois(1995)所主张的协调式整合,是指独立于产权型整合(ownership integration)的另一种整合机制。这种协调式整合机制虽然可能与产权型整合机制互补,但两者之间并无一定的因果关系。参见Richard N Langlois.capabilities and coherence in firms and mar-kets.in C A Montgomery(Ed.).Resource-based and evolutionary theories of the firm:Towards a synthesis.Boston,Massachusetts:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1995:71-100.
引用本文
徐宏玲. 试论虚拟整合与蛛网组织的关系结构化[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2007, 29(11): 18–24.
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