在“房住不炒”的总基调下,限购成为了地方政府稳定房价的重要政策工具选择。但这一从民生出发的政策却可能因影响了土地财政而导致地方政府将财政收入压力转嫁给企业,文章以企业税负和罚款支出为例对此进行了探讨。以各地限购政策为冲击,构建多点冲击双重差分模型检验发现:(1)限购政策增加了企业税负和罚款支出,该结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后仍成立。相比未限购城市,限购城市企业的整体税负平均增加6.25%,罚款则增加46.67%。(2)限购下的政府税收征管和罚款行为存在一定的策略性,在更易受地方政府直接影响(有政府补贴、地税局管理)的企业中,限购更多影响了税负;而在难以直接影响(无政府补贴)的企业中,限购更多影响了罚款。(3)进一步考察限购对政府财政收入结构的影响发现,限购政策降低了当地政府的土地财政收入,加大了财政缺口,但却增加了非土地财政收入,这从宏观上佐证了限购之后地方政府的替代性“创收”行为。(4)最后发现政府法治水平和纵向财政平衡等体制建设能够约束地方政府的策略性税费执法行为。文章从企业税负和罚款支出视角探讨了地方政府财政压力下的策略性执法行为及其治理机制,结论有助于更全面地理解限购政策的影响,为我国“依法治国”制度建设和科学践行“房住不炒”政策提供了参考。
房地产限购与企业负担——来自企业税负和罚款支出的证据
摘要
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引用本文
曹春方, 涂漫漫, 夏常源. 房地产限购与企业负担——来自企业税负和罚款支出的证据[J]. 财经研究, 2022, 48(11): 64-78.
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