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105人力资本的地理集聚对于技术创新增量提质具有重要意义。文章构建了一个技术结构对比算法来处理长期困扰创新研究的发明人重名问题，进而使用中国发明专利申请数据，对发明人个体层面的创新产出以及城市层面的技术集群规模进行测算。文章从知识溢出和绩效竞争两个渠道分析技术集群对发明人生产率的影响机制，并实证检验了技术集群规模对于发明人创新数量和创新质量的影响。研究发现：（1）总体来看，技术集群规模对本地发明人创新数量有促进作用，但对创新质量的影响不显著；（2）知识溢出效应促进发明人创新产出增量提质，但是在同一机构中，发明人之间的绩效竞争产生“重量轻质”的创新策略，导致低效“内卷”，大规模技术集群中的中小企业能够为发明人提供更好的创新环境；（3）进一步研究发现，马歇尔外部性在中国当前的技术集群发展中发挥主导作用，创新明星是雅各布斯外部性发挥作用的关键推动力。文章从扶持中小企业、营造良好创新氛围和改善创新评价系统等方面，提出了促进技术集群优化升级的对策建议。
技术集群与人力资本创新：增量提质还是低效“内卷”？
摘要
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引用本文
冉征, 刘修岩. 技术集群与人力资本创新：增量提质还是低效“内卷”？[J]. 财经研究, 2025, 51(11): 125-139.
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