中国风险投资活动的空间集聚与城市网络
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财经研究 2014 年 第 40 卷第 04 期, 页码：117 - 131
摘要
参考文献
摘要
在全球化的信息时代,生产要素的流动性大大增强,尤其是资金流动明显加速。跨越空间的投资活动成为促进城市和区域发展的重要动力,同时在形塑城市之间的关系中也起到了关键性的作用。深入分析风险投资的空间行为,有助于人们更好地把握新兴产业的运行规律,进而理解城市和区域在网络时代中的空间组织机制和特征。文章基于中国风险投资事件的数据库,探究了其城市分布特征,并用网络中心度、凝集子群等方法分析了风险投资城市网络的空间组织。研究发现,中国风险投资产业的供需两方面均存在明显的空间集聚性,并形成了以北京和上海为核心节点的投资城市网络。其中,全球化、市场化、空间邻近效应以及政府引导是形塑这一新兴网络的主要力量。
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[45]Sorenson O,Stuart T E.Syndication networks and the spatial distribution of venture capital investments[J].American Journal of Sociology,2001,106(6):1546-1588.
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[2]钱苹,张帏.我国创业投资的回报率及其影响因素[J].经济研究,2007,(5):78-90.
[3]汪明峰.城市网络空间的生产与消费[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[4]王元,张晓原,赵明鹏,等.中国创业风险投资发展报告2011[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2011.
[5]武前波,宁越敏.中国城市空间网络分析——基于电子信息企业生产网络视角[J].地理研究,2012,(2):207-219.
[6]徐勇,宋罡,贾键涛.风险投资、技术创新与经济增长[J].中大管理研究,2012,(3):114-127.
[7]张闯,孟韬.中国城市间流通网络及其层级结构——基于中国连锁企业百强店铺分布的网络分析[J].财经问题研究,2007,(5):34-41.
[8]赵渺希,刘铮.基于生产性服务业的中国城市网络研究[J].城市规划,2012,(9):23-28.
[9]Castells M.The rise of the network society[M].Cambridge,MA:Blackwell,1996.
[10]Chen H,Gompers P,Kovner A,et al.Buy local?The geography of venture capital[J].Journal of Urban Economics,2010,67(1):90-102.
[11]Chen K,Marchioni M.Spatial clustering of venture capital-financed biotechnology firms in the U.S.[J].Industrial Geographer,2008,5(2):19-38.
[12]Chen K,Liu Y,Chen Q.How much does history matter?An analysis of the geographic distribution of venture capital investment in the U.S.biotechnology industry[J].Industrial Geographer,2009,6(2):31-55.
[13]Christensen J L.The development of geographical specialization of venture capital[J].European Planning Studies,2007,15(6):817-833.
[14]Coe N M,Dicken P,Hess M,et al.Making connections:Global production networks and world city networks[J].Global Networks,2010,10(1):138-149.
[15]Dai N,Jo H,Kassicieh S.Cross-border venture capital investments in Asia:Selection and exit performance[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2012,27(6):666-684.
[16]Derudder B,Taylor P J,Ni P,et al.Pathways of change:Shifting connectivities in the world city network,2000-08[J].Urban Studies,2010,47(9):1861-1877.
[17]Florida R,Kenney M.Venture capital,high technology and regional development[J].Regional Studies,1988,22(1):33-48.
[18]Florida R,Smith D F.Venture capital,innovation,and economic development[J].Economic Development Quarterly,1990,4(4):345-360.
[19]Florida R,Smith D F.Venture capital formation,investment,and regional industrialization[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1993,83(3):434-451.
[20]Freeman L C.Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification[J].Social Networks,1978,1(3):215-239.
[21]Fritsch M,Schilder D.Does venture capital investment really require spatial proximity?An empirical investigation[J].Environment and Planning A,2008,40(9):2114-2131.
[22]Fritsch M,Schilder D.The regional supply of venture capital:Can syndication overcome bottlenecks?[J].Economic Geography,2012,88(1):59-76.
[23]Green M B,McNaughton R B.Interurban variation in venture capital investment characteristics[J].Urban Studies,1989,26(2):199-213.
[24]Green M B.Venture capital investment in the United States 1995-2002[J].Industrial Geographer,2004,2(1):2-30.
[25]Griffith T L,Yam P J,Subramaniam S.Silicon Valley’s“one hour”distance rule and managing return on location[J].Venture Capital,2007,9(2):85-106.
[26]He C,Wei Y D,Xie X.Globalization,institutional change,and industrial location:Economic transition and industrial concentration in China[J].Regional Studies,2008,42(7):923-945.
[27]Hellmann T F.Venture capitalists:The coaches of Silicon Valley[A].Lee C M,Miller W F,Hancock M G,et al.The Silicon Valley Edge:A habitat for innovation and entrepreneurship[C].Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press,2000.
[28]Hochberg Y V,Ljungqvist A,Lu Y.Whom you know matters:Venture capital networks and investment performance[J].Journal of Finance,2007,62(1):251-301.
[29]Kolympiris C,Kalaitzandonakes N,Miller D.Spatial collocation and venture capital in the US biotechnology industry[J].Research Policy,2011,40(9):1188-1199.
[30]Krtke S,Brandt A.Knowledge networks as a regional development resource:A network analysis of the interlinks between scientific institutions and regional firms in the metropolitan region of Hanover,Germany[J].European Planning Studies,2009,17(1):43-63.
[31]Lai K P Y.Marketisation through contestation:Reconfiguring China’s financial markets through knowledge networks[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2011,11(1):87-117.
[32]Lai K P Y.Differentiated markets:Shanghai,Beijing and Hong Kong in China’s financial centre network[J].Urban Studies,2012,49(6):1275-1296.
[33]Langeland O.Financing innovation:The role of Norwegian venture capitalists in financing knowledge-intensive enterprises[J].European Planning Studies,2007,15(9):1143-1161.
[34]Leinbach T R,Amrhein C.A geography of the venture capital industry in the US[J].Professional Geographer,1987,39(2):146-158.
[35]Lin J.Network analysis of China’s aviation system,statistical and spatial structure[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2012,22:109-117.
[36]Malecki E J.Hard and soft networks for urban competitiveness[J].Urban Studies,2002,39(5-6):929-945.
[37]Martin R,Sunley P,Turner D.Taking risks in regions:the geographical anatomy of Europe’s emerging venture capital market[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2002,2(2):121-150.
[38]Martin R,Berndt C,Klagge B,et al.Spatial proximity effects and regional equity gaps in the venture capital market:Evidence from Germany and the United Kingdom[J].Environment and Planning A,2005,37(7):1207-1231.
[39]Mason C M,Harrison R T.Venture capital,the equity gap and the‘north-south divide’in the United Kingdom[A].Green M.Venture capital:International comparisons[C].London:Routledge,1991.
[40]Mason C M,Harrison R T.The geography of venture capital investments in the UK[J].Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers,2002,27(4):427-451.
[41]Mason C M.Venture capital:A geographical perspective[A].Landstrm H.Handbook of research on venture capital[C].Cheltenham,UK:Edward Elgar,2007.
[42]Powell W W,Koput K W,Bowie J I,et al.The spatial clustering of science and capital:Accounting for biotech firm-venture capital relationships[J].Regional Studies,2002,36(3):291-305.
[43]Sassen S.New frontiers facing urban sociology at the millennium[J].British Journal of Sociology,2000,51(1):143-159.
[44]Seidman S B,Foster B L.A graph-theoretic generalization of the clique concept[J].Journal of Mathematical Sociology,1978,6(1):139-154.
[45]Sorenson O,Stuart T E.Syndication networks and the spatial distribution of venture capital investments[J].American Journal of Sociology,2001,106(6):1546-1588.
[46]Stuart T E,Sorenson O.The geography of opportunity:Spatial heterogeneity in founding rates and the performance of biotechnology firms[J].Research Policy,2003,32(2):229-253.
[47]Taylor P J.World city network:A global urban analysis[M].London:Routledge,2004.
[48]Taylor P J.Advanced producer service centres in the world economy[A].Taylor P J,Ni P,Derudder B,et al.Global urban analysis:A survey of cities in globalization[C].London:Earthscan,2011.
[49]Wasserman S,Faust K.Social network analysis:Methods and applications[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1994.
[50]Wei Y H D,Luo J,Zhou Q.Location decisions and network configurations of foreign investment in urban China[J].Professional Geographer,2010,62(2):264-283.
[51]Wray F.Rethinking the venture capital industry:Relational geographies and impacts of venture capitalists in two UK regions[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2012,12(1):297-319.
[52]Yeung H W.Organizing‘the firm’in industrial geography I:Networks,institutions and regional development[J].Progress in Human Geography,2000,24(2):301-315.
[53]Zhang J.The spatial dynamics of globalizing venture capital in China[J].Environment and Planning A,2011,43(7):1562-1580.
[54]Zhao X B,Zhang L,Wang T.Determining factors of the development of a national financial center:The case of China[J].Geoforum,2004,35(5):577-592.
[55]Zook M A.Grounded capital:Venture financing and the geography of the internet industry,1994-2000[J].Journal of Economic Geography,2002,2(2):151-177.
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汪明峰, 魏也华, 邱娟. 中国风险投资活动的空间集聚与城市网络[J]. 财经研究, 2014, 40(4): 117–131.
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