文章基于扩展的明瑟工资方程,利用2008年和2013年中国居民收入调查数据,考察了育龄延迟对教育回报率的影响及其内在机理。实证研究表明,育龄延迟对不同学历的教育回报率具有极化效应,提高了高学历职业女性的教育回报,而降低了低学历职业女性的教育回报。进一步的研究表明,极化效应源于不同学历女性群体在工作稳定性和职业晋升难易程度方面存在差异。高学历女性集中于稳定性强且更易获得技术职称或干部岗位的工作,而低学历女性则集中于稳定性弱且更难获得技术职称或干部岗位的工作。工作稳定性强、易获得技术职称或领导岗位的女性延迟育龄后收入水平上升;反之,工作稳定性差、难获得技术职称或领导岗位的女性延迟育龄后收入水平下降。鉴此,文章建议针对不同学历群体制定差异化的生育配套政策,来提高职业女性的生育意愿。对低学历育龄延迟群体,政策完善应侧重于生育的收入补偿,解决“想生而没能力生”问题;对高学历育龄延迟群体,政策完善应侧重于生育的职业发展补偿,解决“有能力生而不生”问题。
育龄延迟、教育回报率极化与生育配套政策
摘要
参考文献
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引用本文
刘丰, 胡春龙. 育龄延迟、教育回报率极化与生育配套政策[J]. 财经研究, 2018, 44(8): 31-45.
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