As an innovation and development achievement of Marxist productivity theory, new quality productive forces are the most advanced technology-empowered productivity in the era of artificial intelligence. It is a new quality of productivity characterized by the intelligence of productivity factors, which can concentrate on expressing the new characteristics of economic activities in the era of artificial intelligence; reshaping the various elements of productivity in the era of artificial intelligence; transforming the value chain ecosystem in the era of artificial intelligence; proposing new standards for human development in the era of artificial intelligence; and enriching and developing the new civilization of human beings in the era of artificial intelligence. It represents a new dimension for the development of productivity in the era of artificial intelligence. As a product of the deep integration of various dominant technologies and modern social production in the era of artificial intelligence, new quality productive forces embody the logical dimension of regulating and guiding the healthy and orderly development of capital in the new production relations it has spawned, providing new material incentives for highlighting the historical limitations of production relations of contemporary capitalism and shaping new production relations. In the era of artificial intelligence, to truly dissolve the production relations of contemporary capitalism and achieve the modernized reshaping of production relations, we must continue to take new quality productive forces as the key driving force, and give full play to the important guiding role of new quality productive forces in promoting high-quality economic development, transforming production methods, meeting distribution fairness, opening up new human development, and leading new forms of human civilization.