The deep integration of digital economy and artificial intelligence provides technical support for the development of urban digital intelligence and brings significant opportunities for the development of corporate new quality productive forces. The formation of corporate new quality productive forces is a long-term and complex dynamic process, involving multiple levels such as the restructuring of production factors, deepening of technological innovation, and optimization of industrial structure. The promotion of urban digital intelligence is an important starting point for enterprises to move towards higher-level intelligent upgrading and develop new quality productive forces. How to further consolidate the achievements of digital intelligence, solve the deep-seated problems in enterprise digital transformation, and enhance the sustainable growth capability of corporate new quality productive forces has become an important issue that urgently needs to be explored in theoretical research and practical exploration. Based on the data of 2860 A-share listed companies in China from 2016 to 2022, an asymptotic DID model is constructed to deeply analyze the interactive relationship and causal mechanism between urban digital intelligence and corporate new quality productive forces. The results show that urban digital intelligence promotes the development of corporate new quality productive forces by leveraging the effects of increasing government digital subsidies, gathering digital talents, promoting enterprise digital transformation, and improving supply chain efficiency. Heterogeneity analysis shows that in enterprises with strong digital technology applications, those in high-tech industries, and those in good regional business environments, this promotion effect is more significant. This paper provides new perspectives and ideas on how the development of urban digital intelligence empowers corporate new quality productive forces.