8230 
18267构型（configuration）视角在管理学研究领域方兴未艾，但由于方法局限，该视角在实证研究中进展缓慢。自Fiss（2007）提出可以用定性比较分析法（QCA）解决构型视角的实证研究难题后，该方法在国外管理学研究中得到迅速推广。与之相比，国内对此方法的应用还处于起步阶段，成果相对匮乏。本文通过对国内外管理学领域采用QCA方法的相关文献进行系统梳理，分析总结出此方法可帮助管理研究者解决的三类难题：探究引致同一结果的多种路径、处理多个前因间复杂的互动关系以及对分类方法做出深化和补充；并提炼出六大优势：对样本量和数据来源要求较低、便于应对前因复杂性、主张因果非对称性、无须对跨层变量进行特殊处理、降低现象复杂性和可完整解读案例。面对此方法应用中最受质疑的稳健性问题，本文归纳出了几种具体的应对策略。在总结QCA最新进展的基础上，本文还提出了深挖既往研究、开拓未来研究和时序研究三个维度的研究框架。
定性比较分析法在管理学构型研究中的应用：述评与展望
摘要
参考文献
3 彭娟. 基于构型理论的人力资源系统与组织绩效的关系研究[R]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2013.
6 Bakker R M, Camber B, Korlaar L, et al. Managing the project learning paradox: A set-theoretic approach toward project knowledge transfer[J]. International Journal of Project Management, 2011, 29（5）: 494–503. DOI:10.1016/j.ijproman.2010.06.002
7 Baumgartner M. Inferring causal complexity[J]. Sociological Methods & Research, 2009, 38（1）: 71–101.
8 Baumgartner M, Epple R. A coincidence analysis of a causal chain: The Swiss minaret vote[J]. Sociological Methods & Research, 2014, 43（2）: 280–312.
9 Bell R G, Filatotchev I, Aguilera R V. Corporate governance and investors’ perceptions of foreign IPO value: An institutional perspective[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2014, 57（1）: 301–320. DOI:10.5465/amj.2011.0146
10 Bensaou M, Venkatraman N. Configurations of interorganizational relationships: A comparison between U.S. and Japanese automakers[J]. Management Science, 1995, 41（9）: 1471–1492. DOI:10.1287/mnsc.41.9.1471
11 Campbell J T, Sirmon D G, Schijven M. Fuzzy logic and the market: A configurational approach to investor perceptions of acquisition announcements[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2016, 59（1）: 163–187. DOI:10.5465/amj.2013.0663
12 Cárdenas J. Varieties of corporate networks: Network analysis and fsQCA[J]. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 2012, 53（4）: 298–322.
13 Crilly D, Zollo M, Hansen M T. Faking it or muddling through? Understanding decoupling in response to stakeholder pressures[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2012, 55（6）: 1429–1448. DOI:10.5465/amj.2010.0697
14 Crowley M. Control and dignity in professional, manual and service-sector employment[J]. Organization Studies, 2012, 33（10）: 1383–1406. DOI:10.1177/0170840612453529
15 Delery J E, Doty D H. Modes of theorizing in strategic human resource management: Tests of universalistic, contingency and configurational performance predictions[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1996, 39（4）: 802–835. DOI:10.2307/256713
16 Dess G G, Lumpkin G T, Covin J G. Entrepreneurial strategy making and firm performance: Tests of contingency and configurational models[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1997, 18（9）: 677–695. DOI:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0266
17 Doty D H, Glick W H. Typologies as a unique form of theory building: Toward improved understanding and modeling[J]. Academy of Management Review, 1994, 19（2）: 230–251.
18 Ferguson T D, KetchenJr D J. Organizational configurations and performance: The role of statistical power in extant research[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1999, 20（4）: 385–395. DOI:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0266
19 Fiss P C. Building better causal theories: A fuzzy set approach to typologies in organization research[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2011, 54（2）: 393–420. DOI:10.5465/AMJ.2011.60263120
20 Fiss P C. A set-theoretic approach to organizational configurations[J]. Academy of Management Review, 2007, 32（4）: 1180–1198. DOI:10.5465/AMR.2007.26586092
21 Garcia-Castro R, Casasola M J. A set-theoretic analysis of the components of family involvement in publicly listed and major unlisted firms[J]. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 2011, 2（1）: 15–25. DOI:10.1016/j.jfbs.2011.01.002
22 Greckhamer T. Cross-cultural differences in compensation level and inequality across occupations: A set-theoretic analysis[J]. Organization Studies, 2011, 32（1）: 85–115. DOI:10.1177/0170840610380806
23 Hotho J J. From typology to taxonomy: A configurational analysis of national business systems and their explanatory power[J]. Organization Studies, 2014, 35（5）: 671–702. DOI:10.1177/0170840613502767
24 Houthoofd N,Heene A. Strategic groups as subsets of strategic scope groups in the Belgian brewing industry[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1997, 18（8）: 653–666. DOI:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0266
25 Judge W Q, Fainshmidt S, Brown Ⅲ J L. Which model of capitalism best delivers both wealth and equality[J]. Journal of International Business Studies, 2014, 45（4）: 363–386. DOI:10.1057/jibs.2014.13
26 Ketchen D J,Combs J G, Russell C J, et al. Organizational configurations and performance: A meta-analysis[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1997, 40（1）: 223–240. DOI:10.2307/257028
27 Kim M. Many roads lead to Rome: Implications of geographic scope as a source of isolating mechanisms[J]. Journal of International Business Studies, 2013, 44（9）: 898–921. DOI:10.1057/jibs.2013.39
28 Kogut B, MacDuffie J P, Ragin C. Prototypes and strategy: Assigning causal credit using fuzzy sets[J]. European Management Review, 2004, 1（2）: 114–131. DOI:10.1057/palgrave.emr.1500020
29 Kogut B, Ragin C. Exploring complexity when diversity is limited: Institutional complementarity in theories of rule of law and national systems revisited[J]. European Management Review, 2006, 3（1）: 44–59. DOI:10.1057/palgrave.emr.1500048
30 Koll O, Woodside A G, Mühlbacher H. Balanced versus focused responsiveness to core constituencies and organizational effectiveness[J]. European Journal of Marketing, 2005, 39（9–10）: 1166–1183.
31 Korczynski M, Evans C. Customer abuse to service workers: An analysis of its social creation within the service economy[J]. Work, Employment and Society, 2013, 27（5）: 768–784. DOI:10.1177/0950017012468501
32 Kvist J. Fuzzy set ideal type analysis[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2007, 60（5）: 474–481. DOI:10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.01.005
33 Leask G, Parker D. Strategic groups, competitive groups and performance within the U.K. pharmaceutical industry: Improving our understanding of the competitive process[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2007, 28（7）: 723–745. DOI:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0266
34 Martín-de Castro G, Delgado-Verde M, Amores-Salvadó J, et al. Linking human, technological, and relational assets to technological innovation: Exploring a new approach[J]. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 2013, 11（2）: 123–132.
35 Meyer A D, Tsui A S, Hinings C R. Configurational approaches to organizational analysis[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1993, 36（6）: 1175–1195. DOI:10.2307/256809
36 Miles R E, Snow C C, Meyer A D, et al. Organizational strategy, structure, and process[J]. Academy of Management Review, 1978, 3（3）: 546–562.
37 Milgrom P, Roberts J. Complementarities and fit strategy, structure, and organizational change in manufacturing[J]. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 1995, 19（2–3）: 179–208. DOI:10.1016/0165-4101(94)00382-F
38 Miller D, Friesen P H. Organizations: A quantum view[J]. Academy of Management Review,1984, 9（4）: 765–768.
39 Mintzberg H. Strategy-making in three modes[J]. California Management Review, 1973, 16（2）: 44–53. DOI:10.2307/41164491
40 Ordanini A, Maglio P P. Market orientation, internal process, and external network: A qualitative comparative analysis of key decisional alternatives in the new service development[J]. Decision Sciences, 2009, 40（3）: 601–625. DOI:10.1111/deci.2009.40.issue-3
41 Ragin C C. The comparative method: Moving beyond qualitative and quantitative strategies[M]. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.
42 Stokke O S. Qualitative comparative analysis, shaming, and international regime effectiveness[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2007, 60（5）: 501–511. DOI:10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.01.003
43 Takahashi T, Nakamura M. Bureaucratization of environmental management and corporate greening: An empirical analysis of large manufacturing firms in Japan[J]. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 2005, 12（4）: 210–219. DOI:10.1002/(ISSN)1535-3966
44 Thiem A. Unifying configurational comparative methods: Generalized-set qualitative comparative analysis[J]. Sociological Methods & Research, 2014, 43（2）: 313–337.
45 Vink M P, Van Vliet O. Not quite crisp, not yet fuzzy? Assessing the potentials and pitfalls of multi-value QCA[J]. Field Methods, 2009, 21（3）: 265–289.
46 Vis B, Dul J. Analyzing relationships of necessity not just in kind but also in degree: Complementing fsQCA With NCA[J]. Sociological Methods & Research, 2016, doi: 10.1177/0049124115626179. DOI:10.1177/0049124115626179
引用本文
张驰, 郑晓杰, 王凤彬. 定性比较分析法在管理学构型研究中的应用：述评与展望[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2017, 39(4): 68–83.
导出参考文献，格式为：
