破解社会合作难题:强互惠真的够强吗?——基于公共品实验研究
外国经济与管理 2015 年 第 37 卷第 05 期, 页码:
摘要
参考文献
摘要
大量的公共品实验显示,即使无外在权威干预,强互惠行为也能够维系公共品自愿供给合作,这为理解“人类社会合作何以可能”之谜开启了一扇窗。然而,破解社会合作难题,强互惠行为真的够强吗?近年来,学术界就此不断提出诸多质疑,例如社会偏好是否稳定可靠、私人惩罚能否足够有效、利他惩罚是否存在现实证据等,都对强互惠理论形成巨大的挑战。文章围绕公共品实验研究,回顾了学术界对这些质疑的积极探索,总结了强互惠理论研究的新进展,并对强互惠理论及其价值进行了评述。
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[52]Muller L,et al.Strategic behavior and learning in repeated voluntary contribution experiments[J].Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization,2008,67:782-793.
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[74]聂左玲,汪崇金.公共品实验中策略性方法的有效性检验[J].财经研究,2013(12):3-11.
[75]汪崇金,聂左玲,岳军.个体异质性、预期与公共品自愿供给[J].财贸经济,2012(8):36-45.
[76]韦倩,姜树广.社会合作秩序何以可能:社会科学的基本问题[J].经济研究,2013(11):140-151.
[2]Balafoutas L and Nikiforakis N.Norm enforcement in the city:A natural field experiment[J].European Economic Review.2012,56(8):1773-1785.
[3]Barclay P.Proximate and ultimate causes of punishment and strong reciprocity[J].Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2012,35(01):16-17.
[4]BerebyMeyer Y.Reciprocity and uncertainty[J].Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2012,35(01):18-19.
[5]Binmore K.Natural justice[M].Oxford University Press,2005.
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[12]Casari M.Emergence of endogenous legal institutions:Property rights and community governance in the Italian Alps[J].Journal of Economic History,2007,67(1):191-226.
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[17]De Quervain D J F,et al.The neural basis of altruistic punishment[J].Science,2004,305(5688):1254.
[18]DenantBoemont L,et al.Punishment,counterpunishment and sanction enforcement in a social dilemma experiment[J].Economic Theory,2007,33(1):145-167.
[19]Dos Santos M and Wedekind C.Examining punishment at different explanatory levels[J].Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2012,35(01):23-24.
[20]Egloff B,et al.Need for conclusive evidence that positive and negative reciprocity are unrelated[J].Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences.2013,110(9):E786-E786.
[21]Fehr E and Schmidt K M.A theory of fairness,competition,and cooperation[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1999,114(3):817-868.
[22]Fehr E and Leibbrandt A.A field study of cooperativeness and impatience in the tragedy of commons[J].Journal of Public Economics,2011,95(9-10):1144-1155.
[23]Fehr E and Gchter S.Altruistic punishment in humans[J].Nature,2002,415(6868):137-140.
[24]Fehr E and Gchter S.Cooperation and punishment in public goods experiments[J].The American Economic Review,2000,90(4):980-994.
[25]Feinberg M,et al.Gossip as an effective and lowcost form of punishment[J].Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2012,35(01):25.
[26]Feinberg M,et al.The existence and dynamics of prosocial gossip[J].Unpublished Manuscript,University of California,Berkeley,2011.
[27]Fischbacher U,et al.Are people conditionally cooperative? Evidence from a public goods experiment[J].Economics Letters,2001,71(3):397-404.
[28]Fischbacher U,et al.The behavioral validity of the strategy method in public good experiments[J].Journal of Economic Psychology,2012,33(4):897-913.
[29]Fischbacher U and Gchter S.Social preferences,beliefs,and the dynamics of free riding in public goods experiments[J].The American Economic Review,2010,100(1):541-556.
[30]Fisman R,et al.Individual preferences for giving[J].The American Economic Review,2007,1858 -1876.
[31]Gchter S and Herrmann B.The limits of selfgovernance when cooperators get punished:Experimental evidence from urban and rural Russia[J].European Economic Review,2011,55(2):193-210.
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[35]Gintis H and Fehr E.The social structure of cooperation and punishment[J].Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2012,35(01):28-29.
[36]Gintis H.Strong reciprocity and human sociality[J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,2000,206(2):169-179.
[37]Guala F.Reciprocity:Weak or strong? What punishment experiments do (and do not) demonstrate[J].Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2012,35(01):1-59.
[38]Güney and Newell B R.Is strong reciprocity really strong in the lab,let alone in the real world?[J].Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2012,35(01):29-29.
[39]Hamilton W D.The genetical evolution of social behavior[J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,1964,7:1-52.
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[41]Hauert,et al.Volunteering as a mechanism for cooperation in public goods games[J].Science,2002,296:1129-1132.
[42]Hauert C,et al.Via freedom to coercion:The emergence of costly punishment[J].Science,2007,316:1905-1907.
[43]Henrich J and Chudek M.Understanding the research program[J].Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2012,35(01):29-30.
[44]Herrmann B,Thni C and Gchter S.Antisocial punishment across societies[J].Science,2008, 319(5868):1362-1367.
[45]Janssen M A and Bushman C.Evolution of cooperation and altruistic punishment when retaliation is possible[J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,2008,254(3):541-545.
[46]Johnson T.The strategic logic of costly punishment necessitates natural field experiments,and at least one such experiment exists[J].Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2012,35 (01):31-32.
[47]Kamei K and Putterman L.In broad daylight:Fuller information and higherorder punishment opportunities can promote cooperation.Working Paper,2013.
[48]Laury S K and Taylor L O.Altruism spillovers:Are behaviors in contextfree experiments predictive of altruism toward a naturally occurring public good?[J].Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization,2008,65(1):9-29.
[49]Ledyard J.Public goods:A survey of experimental research.in:Kagel J and Roth A.Handbook of Experimental Economics[M].Princeton University Press,Princeton,1995.
[50]Li Y and Yamagishi T.A test of the strong reciprocity model:Relationship between cooperation and punishment[J].The Japanese Journal of Psychology,2014,85(1):100-105.
[51]Mayr E.Cause and effect in biology kinds of causes,predictability,and teleology are viewed by a practicing biologist[J].Science,1961,134(3489):1501-1506.
[52]Muller L,et al.Strategic behavior and learning in repeated voluntary contribution experiments[J].Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization,2008,67:782-793.
[53]Nikiforakis N.Altruistic punishment:What field data can (and cannot) demonstrate[J].Behavioral and Brain Sciences,2012,35(01):32-33.
[54]Nikiforakis N and Engelmann D.Altruistic punishment and the threat of feuds[J].Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization,2011,78(3),319-332.
[55]Nikiforakis N.Punishment and counterpunishment in public good games:Can we really govern ourselves?[J]Journal of Public Economics,2008,92(1-2):91-112.
[56]Ostrom E,et al.Covenants with and without a sword:Selfgovernance is possible[J].The American Political Science Review,1992,86(02),404-417.
[57]Rand D G,et al.Antisocial punishment can prevent the coevolution of punishment and cooperation[J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,2010,265(4):624-632.
[58]Richerson P J and Boyd R.Not by genes alone:How culture transformed human evolution[M].University of Chicago Press,2005.
[59]Ross D.Evolutionary game theory and the normative theory of institutional design:Binmore and behavioral economics[J].Politics,Philosophy,and Economics,2006,5:51-79.
[60]Rustagi D,et al.Conditional cooperation and costly monitoring explain success in forest commons management[J].Science,2010,330:961-965.
[61]Sanfey A G,et al.The neural basis of economic decisionmaking in the ultimatum game[J].Science,2003,300(5626):1755-1758.
[62]Sigmund K,et al.Social learning promotes institutions for governing the commons[J].Nature,2010,466(7308):861-863.
[63]Smirnov O,et al.The behavioral logic of collective action:Partisans cooperate and punish more than nonpartisans[J].Political Psychology,2010,31(4):595-616.
[64]Traulsen A,et al.Exploration dynamics in evolutionary games[J].Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences USA,2009,106(3):709-712.
[65]Volk S,et al.Temporal stability and psychological foundations of cooperation preferences[J].Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization,2011,81(2):664-676.
[66]West S A,et al.Sixteen common misconceptions about the evolution of cooperation in humans[J].Evolution and Human Behavior,2011,32(4):231-262.
[67]The World Bank.World development report 2015:Mind,society,and behavior[R].http://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2015.
[68]Yamagishi T,et al.Rejection of unfair offers in the ultimatum game is no evidence of strong reciprocity[J].Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences,2012,109(50):364-368.
[69][美]埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆.公共事物的治理之道[M].余逊达,陈旭东,译.上海:上海三联出版社,2000.
[70][美]埃利诺·奥斯特罗姆.集体行动如何可能?[J].石美静,熊万胜,译.华东理工大学学报:社会科学版,2010,(2):1-30.
[71][美]乔治·阿克洛夫,罗伯特·希勒.动物精神[M].黄志强,译.北京:中信出版社,2009.
[72][法]卢梭.论人类不平等的起源和基础[M].李常山,译.北京:商务印书馆,1997.
[73]陈叶烽.社会偏好的检验:一个超越经济人的实验研究[D].杭州:浙江大学博士论文,2010.
[74]聂左玲,汪崇金.公共品实验中策略性方法的有效性检验[J].财经研究,2013(12):3-11.
[75]汪崇金,聂左玲,岳军.个体异质性、预期与公共品自愿供给[J].财贸经济,2012(8):36-45.
[76]韦倩,姜树广.社会合作秩序何以可能:社会科学的基本问题[J].经济研究,2013(11):140-151.
引用本文
汪崇金, 聂左玲. 破解社会合作难题:强互惠真的够强吗?——基于公共品实验研究[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2015, 37(5): 0.
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