上海自贸试验区知识产权执法:自由贸易与打击侵权的平衡
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外国经济与管理 2014 年 第 36 卷第 02 期, 页码：73 - 80
摘要
参考文献
摘要
由于上海自贸试验区实施"一线"彻底放开的海关监管政策,这将给假冒和盗版产品的过境和非法交易带来便利条件。本文通过对香港和国外自贸区知识产权执法的四种不同政策取向的梳理和评判,认为上海自贸试验区知识产权执法应该适应自贸区知识产权执法的国际规则和趋势,在促进贸易便利化和有效打击知识产权侵权之间达成一种适当的平衡。本文建议借鉴欧盟的规则,对在上海自贸试验区过境的、涉嫌侵犯中国知识产权人的权利,并可能进入中国市场的货物采取知识产权执法措施。
[1]BASCAP report.Controlling the zone:Balancing facilitation and control to combat illicit trade in the world’s free trade zones(2013)[R/OL].2013,(5),http://www.iccwbo.org/Advocacy-Codes-and-Rules/BASCAP/International-engagement-and-Advocacy/Free-Trade-Zones/.accessed on Nov.28,2013.
[2]Brian L and Jyeshta M.Malaysia APAA anti-Counterfeiting committee report 2011[R/OL].http://www.apaaonline.org/pdf/APAA_59th_council_meeting_Manila/AntiCounterfei-tingCommitteeReports2011/3-SpecialTopic2011-MALAYSIA-Anti-CounterfeitingCommittee.pdf,accessed on Nov.28,2013.
[3]Komodo D.Free trade zones in ASEAN and IP crime[EB/OL].2013-06-10,http://ipkomododragon.blogspot.de/2013/06/free-trade-zones-in-asean-and-ip-crime.html.accessed on Nov.28,2013.
[4]Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD).The economic impact of counterfeiting and piracy[R/OL].2007,http://www.oecd.org/industry/ind/38707619.pdf,accessed on Nov.28,2013.
[5]蔡岩红.天津海关查获1.8万瓶进口侵权“洋酒”[N/OL].法制日报.2012-04-24,http://epaper.legaldaily.com.cn/fzrb/content/20120424/Articel01006GN.htm.2013年11月28日搜索.
[6]崔国斌.《反假冒贸易协议》与中国知识产权法的比较研究[J].电子知识产权,2011,(8):20-25.
[7]孙立坚.美欧TTIP逼我们自己搞自贸区[N/OL],华西都市报.2013-09-28,http://finance.huanqiu.com/comment/2013-09/4405056.html.2013年11月28日搜索.
[8]王春蕊.欧盟发布“过境货物知识产权海关执法指南”[J].中国海关,2012,(60):42-43.
[9]杨鸿.过境货物的知识产权措施——TRIPs协定下的合规性分析[J].亚太经济,2013,(4):43-50.
[10]詹映.知识产权国际保护发展新动向——从ACTA到TPP[EB/OL].2012“南湖论坛”主题发言,http://www.iprcn.com/IL_Zxjs_Show.aspx?News_PI=4596.2013年11月28日搜索.
[11]张敏.WTO框架下欧盟知识产权边境措施适用于过境货物之合法性分析[J].世界贸易组织动态与研究,2013,(1):29-42.
[12]周汉民:自贸区是改革开放以来第四个浪潮[EB/OL].新浪财经2013-09-28,http://finance.sina.com.cn/china/20130928/233116880624.shtml.2013年11月28日搜索.
①关于备案制管理,参见《海关总署关于对保税区进出境货物试行备案制的通知》,http://wenku.baidu.com/view/608eb521482fb4daa58d4bd3.html.根据《保税区海关监管办法》,保税区与境外之间进出的货物、物品,以及在保税区内流转的货物,可由货物的收发货人或其代理人向保税区海关备案,免于办理通常的报关手续,即实行备案制。货物、物品从境外直接运入保税区,应当向保税区海关办理进境备案手续。http://service.customs.gov.cn/Default.aspx?tabid=5179。
②参见《反假冒贸易协定》(ACTA)第16条第2款。
③参见国务院《关于印发中国(上海)自由贸易试验区总体方案的通知》,国发[2013]38号,http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2013-09/27/content_2496147.htm。
④参见香港Trade Descriptions Ordinance,第362章,其中第12条第3款明确规定该条不适用于过境货物:(1)A person must not import or export any goods to which a false trade description or forged trade mark is applied.(2)Any person who imports or exports any goods contrary to subsection(1)commits an offence unless he proves that-(a)he did not know,had no reason to suspect and could not with reasonable diligence have found out that the goods are goods to which a false trade description or forged trade mark is applied;or(b)the goods are not intended for trade or business.(3)This section shall not apply to any goods in transit.http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165 D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/620C44C5887E4501482575EE0071B7D7/$FILE/CAP_362_e_b5.pdf。
⑤参见南非最高上诉法院(Supreme Court of Appeal)的判决,AM Moolla Group Limited&Others vs.The Gap Inc.&Others,[2005]ZASCA 72,http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZASCA/2005/72.html。
⑥参见巴拿马刑法典,Penal Code of the Republic of Panama(adopted by Law No.14of May 18,2007,with amendments and additions introduced by Law No.26of 2008),http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=7203。
⑦参见巴拿马执行条例,Executive Decree No.123of November 26,1996,http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=3392。
⑧参见巴拿马执行条例,Executive Decree No.79of August1,1997regulating Articles 176and 177of Law No.35of May10,1996in respect of the Colon Free Zone and other Processing Zones administered by the State,http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=3393。
⑨参见阿拉伯海湾合作理事会共同海关法,The Common Customs Law of the Arab Gulf Cooperation Council,sites.gccsg.org/DLibrary/download.php?B=350。
⑩参见欧洲法院的判决书,Judgment of the Court,joined cases C 446/09and C 495/092011,1December 2011.http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=115783&pageIndex=0&doclang=en&mode=lst&dir=&occ=fi rst&part=1&cid=740612。
参见欧盟委员会关于海关对过境欧盟的货物特别是药品的知识产权执法指南,Guidelines of the European Commission concerning the enforcement by EU customs authorities of intellectual property rights with regard to goods,in particular medicines,in transit through the EU,http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/resources/documents/customs/customs_controls/counterfeit_piracy/legislation/guidelines_on_transit_en.pdf。
[2]Brian L and Jyeshta M.Malaysia APAA anti-Counterfeiting committee report 2011[R/OL].http://www.apaaonline.org/pdf/APAA_59th_council_meeting_Manila/AntiCounterfei-tingCommitteeReports2011/3-SpecialTopic2011-MALAYSIA-Anti-CounterfeitingCommittee.pdf,accessed on Nov.28,2013.
[3]Komodo D.Free trade zones in ASEAN and IP crime[EB/OL].2013-06-10,http://ipkomododragon.blogspot.de/2013/06/free-trade-zones-in-asean-and-ip-crime.html.accessed on Nov.28,2013.
[4]Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD).The economic impact of counterfeiting and piracy[R/OL].2007,http://www.oecd.org/industry/ind/38707619.pdf,accessed on Nov.28,2013.
[5]蔡岩红.天津海关查获1.8万瓶进口侵权“洋酒”[N/OL].法制日报.2012-04-24,http://epaper.legaldaily.com.cn/fzrb/content/20120424/Articel01006GN.htm.2013年11月28日搜索.
[6]崔国斌.《反假冒贸易协议》与中国知识产权法的比较研究[J].电子知识产权,2011,(8):20-25.
[7]孙立坚.美欧TTIP逼我们自己搞自贸区[N/OL],华西都市报.2013-09-28,http://finance.huanqiu.com/comment/2013-09/4405056.html.2013年11月28日搜索.
[8]王春蕊.欧盟发布“过境货物知识产权海关执法指南”[J].中国海关,2012,(60):42-43.
[9]杨鸿.过境货物的知识产权措施——TRIPs协定下的合规性分析[J].亚太经济,2013,(4):43-50.
[10]詹映.知识产权国际保护发展新动向——从ACTA到TPP[EB/OL].2012“南湖论坛”主题发言,http://www.iprcn.com/IL_Zxjs_Show.aspx?News_PI=4596.2013年11月28日搜索.
[11]张敏.WTO框架下欧盟知识产权边境措施适用于过境货物之合法性分析[J].世界贸易组织动态与研究,2013,(1):29-42.
[12]周汉民:自贸区是改革开放以来第四个浪潮[EB/OL].新浪财经2013-09-28,http://finance.sina.com.cn/china/20130928/233116880624.shtml.2013年11月28日搜索.
①关于备案制管理,参见《海关总署关于对保税区进出境货物试行备案制的通知》,http://wenku.baidu.com/view/608eb521482fb4daa58d4bd3.html.根据《保税区海关监管办法》,保税区与境外之间进出的货物、物品,以及在保税区内流转的货物,可由货物的收发货人或其代理人向保税区海关备案,免于办理通常的报关手续,即实行备案制。货物、物品从境外直接运入保税区,应当向保税区海关办理进境备案手续。http://service.customs.gov.cn/Default.aspx?tabid=5179。
②参见《反假冒贸易协定》(ACTA)第16条第2款。
③参见国务院《关于印发中国(上海)自由贸易试验区总体方案的通知》,国发[2013]38号,http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2013-09/27/content_2496147.htm。
④参见香港Trade Descriptions Ordinance,第362章,其中第12条第3款明确规定该条不适用于过境货物:(1)A person must not import or export any goods to which a false trade description or forged trade mark is applied.(2)Any person who imports or exports any goods contrary to subsection(1)commits an offence unless he proves that-(a)he did not know,had no reason to suspect and could not with reasonable diligence have found out that the goods are goods to which a false trade description or forged trade mark is applied;or(b)the goods are not intended for trade or business.(3)This section shall not apply to any goods in transit.http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165 D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/620C44C5887E4501482575EE0071B7D7/$FILE/CAP_362_e_b5.pdf。
⑤参见南非最高上诉法院(Supreme Court of Appeal)的判决,AM Moolla Group Limited&Others vs.The Gap Inc.&Others,[2005]ZASCA 72,http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZASCA/2005/72.html。
⑥参见巴拿马刑法典,Penal Code of the Republic of Panama(adopted by Law No.14of May 18,2007,with amendments and additions introduced by Law No.26of 2008),http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=7203。
⑦参见巴拿马执行条例,Executive Decree No.123of November 26,1996,http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=3392。
⑧参见巴拿马执行条例,Executive Decree No.79of August1,1997regulating Articles 176and 177of Law No.35of May10,1996in respect of the Colon Free Zone and other Processing Zones administered by the State,http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=3393。
⑨参见阿拉伯海湾合作理事会共同海关法,The Common Customs Law of the Arab Gulf Cooperation Council,sites.gccsg.org/DLibrary/download.php?B=350。
⑩参见欧洲法院的判决书,Judgment of the Court,joined cases C 446/09and C 495/092011,1December 2011.http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=115783&pageIndex=0&doclang=en&mode=lst&dir=&occ=fi rst&part=1&cid=740612。
参见欧盟委员会关于海关对过境欧盟的货物特别是药品的知识产权执法指南,Guidelines of the European Commission concerning the enforcement by EU customs authorities of intellectual property rights with regard to goods,in particular medicines,in transit through the EU,http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/resources/documents/customs/customs_controls/counterfeit_piracy/legislation/guidelines_on_transit_en.pdf。
引用本文
张伟君. 上海自贸试验区知识产权执法:自由贸易与打击侵权的平衡[J]. 外国经济与管理, 2014, 36(2): 73–80.
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