5727 
4878稳就业是“六稳”政策之首，对国民经济平稳运行意义重大。在中国实施主动扩大进口和中美贸易摩擦频繁发生的双重背景下，文章基于2000–2013年企业层面的微观数据，实证研究了来自美国的进口竞争对中国制造业就业的影响。研究发现：从总体来看，来自美国的进口竞争显著促进了中国制造业企业的就业增长，且这一影响主要通过促进企业创新和提高企业价格加成两个渠道发挥作用；从上下游关联行业视角来看，上游行业进口竞争对企业就业增长具有显著的促进作用，而下游行业进口竞争对企业就业增长具有显著的抑制作用；从行业层面来看，来自美国的进口竞争对行业总体就业影响不显著，但是会导致就业在企业之间流动，就业主要从大企业、高生产率企业、高人力资本企业和国有企业流出；来自美国的消费品进口竞争和资本品进口竞争对中国制造业企业的就业增长具有显著的促进作用，而中间品进口竞争对企业的就业增长无显著影响。总的来看，来自美国的进口冲击，虽然对中国的总体就业没有产生负面影响，但是会导致国有企业就业下降、就业在不同类型企业之间流动等问题，因此政府应该高度重视这一问题并采取相应措施。
来自美国的进口竞争与中国制造业企业就业
摘要
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引用本文
魏浩, 连慧君. 来自美国的进口竞争与中国制造业企业就业[J]. 财经研究, 2020, 46(8): 4-18.
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