文章在2017年中国投入产出表的基础上,编制了社会核算矩阵,构建含有增值税抵扣机制的动态可计算一般均衡模型,测度了2018年以来增值税改革政策的经济效应。研究发现,作为税率式优惠政策,增值税税率降低能够产生良好的整体减税效应,降低了多数行业的增值税税负;但由于金融业、现代服务业和生活服务业的增值税税率没有下降,其他行业税率下降导致这三个行业的进项税额减少,增值税税负有所上升。作为税额式优惠政策,增值税加计抵减具有非常良好的定向减税效果,在一定程度上对冲了生产、生活性服务业的税负上升。增值税税率降低能够改善税收的扭曲,提高经济运行效率,促进各行业的增加值增长,而加计抵减政策则略微抑制了产出增长。动态来看,随着时间的推移,增值税税率降低政策的经济增长效应在持续扩大,加计抵减政策对经济的抑制效应在逐渐减弱。两类降低税负的政策都提高了企业利润和居民收入水平,政府的企业所得税和个人所得税收入增长,但受增值税收入下降影响,政府总体税收收入出现了一定幅度的下滑。
增值税税率降低和加计抵减政策的经济效应评估——基于动态可计算一般均衡模型的研究
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胡海生, 王克强, 刘红梅. 增值税税率降低和加计抵减政策的经济效应评估——基于动态可计算一般均衡模型的研究[J]. 财经研究, 2021, 47(1): 4-17.
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