我国正处于数字化转型不可逆转的进程中,数字鸿沟作为一种新型社会不平等形式,其对财富不平等的挑战与冲击亟待关注。基于此,文章将使用沟(二级鸿沟)和知识沟(三级鸿沟)模型化,并嵌入经典的Aiyagari-Bewley-Huggett模型,构建包含两级数字鸿沟与信息普惠政策的HANK模型,分析了使用沟和知识沟对财富不平等的作用机制,并定量评估了政府信息普惠政策缓解财富不平等的效果。研究发现:第一,使用沟的缩小与扩大对多种基尼系数的影响呈现非对称特征。当使用沟逐步缩小时,财富基尼系数和资本收入基尼系数先增后减,收入基尼系数减小;当使用沟逐步扩大时,财富基尼系数和资本收入基尼系数增大且增速呈凸性,收入基尼系数增大。第二,知识沟与多种基尼系数存在非线性关联。当知识沟逐步缩小并收敛于“占优方”时,财富基尼系数、资本收入基尼系数和收入基尼系数均先增后减;当知识沟逐步缩小并收敛于“劣势方”时,三类基尼系数逐步增大而后趋于平稳。绝对的知识沟缩小未必能直接缩小财富差距,其效果还取决于家庭利用互联网信息的能力。第三,政府信息普惠政策可降低财富基尼系数、资本收入基尼系数和收入基尼系数,有效缓解社会信息不平等。文章提出以信息普惠为导向、消弭数字鸿沟的政策建议,助力数字经济发展与缩小财富差距。
数字鸿沟、财富不平等与信息普惠政策——基于HANK模型的实证研究
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赵玮, 李勇, 王宇, 等. 数字鸿沟、财富不平等与信息普惠政策——基于HANK模型的实证研究[J]. 财经研究, 2025, 51(10): 19-34.
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