在积极扩大进口的背景下,研究中国进口贸易扩张能否以及如何创造国际福利具有重要的现实意义。文章利用1990—2010年美国人口抽样调查与772个通勤区的匹配数据,系统研究了中国进口扩张对美国居民实际收入的影响。研究表明:(1)中国进口扩张显著促进了美国居民实际收入的增长,在经过一系列稳健性检验后,该结论依旧成立。(2)中国进口扩张主要通过促进人力资源配置、提高教育回报率和缩小性别收入差距等途径提高了美国居民实际收入水平。(3)中国进口扩张不仅在金融危机期间“救助”了美国经济,而且还帮助美国减少了扶贫支出和贫困人口数量。(4)中国从美国的资本品进口扩张、消费品进口扩张的边际影响大于中间品进口扩张。(5)当同时考虑中国进口和中国出口的影响时,中国进出口贸易总扩张仍然能够显著提高美国居民的实际收入。文章的政策启示是,中国通过积极扩大进口惠及进口来源国居民,这为反驳“中国威胁论”、讲好中国故事提供了新证据。
中国进口扩张的国际收入效应——基于美国人口调查的实证分析
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魏浩, 封起扬帆. 中国进口扩张的国际收入效应——基于美国人口调查的实证分析[J]. 财经研究, 2024, 50(9): 109-123.
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