人工智能(AI)对收入分配的影响是经济学领域的重要议题。文章整合在线招聘平台数据与中国A股上市公司年报文本数据,从岗位技能需求动态变化视角,考察企业AI应用水平对企业内部收入差距的影响及其微观机制。研究发现,企业AI应用能显著提高普通员工平均工资,但对管理层平均工资的影响较弱,从而缩小企业内部收入差距。机制分析表明,AI通过增加普通员工对复杂问题解决技能、系统技能等高附加值职业技能的需求来推动其工资增长;同时,AI降低管理层对部分职业技能的需求来抑制其工资增长;此外,AI驱动的生产率提升为企业内部收入差距缩小提供进一步证据支持。异质性分析显示,AI 缩小收入差距的效应在非国有企业、市场集中度较低行业及专业技术与服务类职业中更为突出。文章揭示了AI对不同群体技能结构的影响差异,为优化AI时代技能培育政策、完善收入分配制度提供经验参考。
人工智能、技能剥离与企业收入差距
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引用本文
刘东升, 袁媛. 人工智能、技能剥离与企业收入差距[J]. 财经研究, 2026, 52(1): 123-137.
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