The essence of constant promotion of the Silk Road Economic Belt needs people's supports, and places emphasis on residents' higher income and regional coordination. The discrete distribution of elements and the economic or social development is a new perspective to learn about regional differences. Based on AHP and entropy method, this paper designs an analytical framework to describe the regional differences by the application of gravity principle. Then it explores the barycenter moving track of factors such as resources, environment & population, and economy & society in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region from 1998 to 2013, identifies the convergent and discrete trends among factors from the perspectives of spatial distribution correlation and matching between factors and economy & society, and then analyzes the evolution of regional differences in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. It arrives at the results as follows: firstly, population distribution's center of gravity dislocates economy and society's center of gravity, and the mismatching degree widens; secondly, resources and environment play a common role in the distribution of the center of gravity and track changes of society and population: resources affect the distribution of the center of gravity, environment affects track changes, and the effect of resources is more significant; thirdly, the effectiveness of the role of fiscal control in regional differences is not sound, and a series of projects of the Silk Road Economic Belt in the short term are difficult to make up the development weakness of the south Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, but in the long term (2030) the differences among districts may weaken. In order to coordinate the core area development of the Silk Road Economic Belt, governments should help to advance the long-term stability of the strategy of the Silk Road Economic Belt through differentiated policies of talents, investment & openness and effective resource redistribution policy.