面对金融系统与实体经济之间日益突出的矛盾,我国创新性地实施了金融系统向实体经济让利的政策。在这一柔性政策导向下,银行究竟是采取“实质性”让利,还是采取“虚假”让利策略呢?文章利用2016—2022年我国商业银行数据,以贷款损失准备计提作为研究切入点,系统探讨银行在让利政策影响下的行为。研究发现:首先,在政策实施过程中,银行并未通过隐藏利润或“财务大洗澡”等方式进行第I类“虚假”让利,也未借政策之名虚增利润以掩盖潜在风险,从而实施第II类“虚假”让利;相反,银行通过降低贷款损失准备计提放松了资本约束,同时让利政策减弱了贷款损失准备计提与信贷供给之间的顺周期性。上述结果一致支持“实质性”让利的结论。其次,当银行所处地区面临较大的财政压力和更激烈的市场竞争,或银行自身的风险水平更低时,其贷款损失准备计提的下降效应更加显著,这一结果进一步印证了“实质性”让利的假说。最后,尽管让利政策并未显著削弱贷款损失准备计提的可靠性,但计提的及时性受到了负面影响,这表明让利政策在取得积极成效的同时,也可能对银行稳健经营具有潜在冲击。
金融让利政策推动银行“实质性”让利了吗?——基于贷款损失准备计提的研究
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引用本文
何美玲, 张硕楠. 金融让利政策推动银行“实质性”让利了吗?——基于贷款损失准备计提的研究[J]. 财经研究, 2025, 51(8): 110-124.
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