2813 
2898党的十九届五中全会提出要“加强和改进反垄断和反不正当竞争执法”，而垄断协议是当前较常见的垄断形式，对其进行研究具有显著的学术价值。实践中，第三方举报与行业协会可能会强化反垄断执法的靶向性，从而影响垄断协议的形成、持续与消失。因此，文章在理论分析基础上，基于2008—2021年中国横向垄断协议案件卷宗的微观数据，运用生存分析法检验反垄断执法中第三方举报与行业协会对垄断协议稳定性的影响。结果表明，第三方举报和行业协会的参与显著降低了垄断协议的稳定性，是反垄断执法的有效途径。进一步的分析表明，只有直接举报可以显著降低垄断协议稳定性；行业协会作为组织者和协调者均会削弱垄断协议稳定性。同时，成员越多，垄断协议越可能需要行业协会的参与。文章的研究结论为针对横向垄断协议的反垄断执法提供了直接的经验证据，同时对深化行业协会改革具有参考意义。
第三方举报、行业协会与垄断协议稳定性——基于案件卷宗数据的分析
摘要
参考文献
2 柴瑞娟. 论我国公共利益举报法律制度的构建[J]. 中国软科学,2021,(4):1−10. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-9753.2021.04.001
5 江雪梅,包迪鸿. 对我国价格卡特尔规制的法学研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2005,(4):69−74. DOI:10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.2005.04.009
11 鲁篱. 行业协会限制竞争行为的责任制度研究[J]. 中国法学,2009,(2):81−91. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-1707.2009.02.008
16 许光耀. 反垄断法上的卡特尔宽大制度[J]. 政法论丛,2015,(3):110−119. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6274.2015.03.013
21 Aubert C, Rey P, Kovacic W E. The impact of leniency and whistle-blowing programs on cartels[J]. International Journal of Industrial Organization,2006,24(6): 1241−1266. DOI:10.1016/j.ijindorg.2006.04.002
22 Awaya Y. Collusion and information exchange[J]. The Japanese Economic Review,2019,70(3): 394−402. DOI:10.1111/jere.12241
23 Calderón A. Cartels little helpers: A comparative study of the case law regarding the facilitators of collusion in Europe, United States and South America[A]. Bosco D, Gal M S. Challenges to assumptions in competition law[M]. London: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021.
24 Combe E, Monnier C, Legal R. Cartels: The probability of getting caught in the European Union[R]. Working Paper, 2008.
25 De O. Analysis of cartel duration: Evidence from EC prosecuted cartels[J]. International Journal of the Economics of Business,2010,17(1): 33−65. DOI:10.1080/13571510903516946
26 Dick A R. When are cartels stable contracts?[J]. The Journal of Law and Economics,1996,39(1): 241−283. DOI:10.1086/467349
27 Feinberg R M, Kim H, Park M. The determinants of cartel duration in Korea[J]. Review of Industrial Organization,2016,48(4): 433−448. DOI:10.1007/s11151-016-9505-4
28 Frass A G, Greer D F. Market structure and price collusion: An empirical analysis[J]. The Journal of Industrial Economics,1977,26(1): 21−44. DOI:10.2307/2098328
29 Goncharov I, Peter C D. Does reporting transparency affect industry coordination? Evidence from the duration of international cartels[J]. The Accounting Review,2019,94(3): 149−175. DOI:10.2308/accr-52201
30 Harrington Jr J E, Wei Y H. What can the duration of discovered cartels tell us about the duration of all cartels?[J]. The Economic Journal,2017,127(604): 1977−2005. DOI:10.1111/ecoj.12359
31 Hay G A, Kelley D. An empirical survey of price fixing conspiracies[J]. The Journal of Law and Economics,1974,17(1): 13−38. DOI:10.1086/466782
32 Hellwig M, Hüschelrath K. When do firms leave cartels? Determinants and the impact on cartel survival[J]. International Review of Law and Economics,2018,54: 68−84. DOI:10.1016/j.irle.2017.11.001
33 Houba H, Motchenkova E, Wen Q. Competitive prices as optimal cartel prices[J]. Economics Letters,2012,114(1): 39−42. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2011.08.021
34 Hviid M, Medvedev A. The role of contribution among defendants in private antitrust litigation[J]. International Review of Law and Economics,2010,30(4): 306−316. DOI:10.1016/j.irle.2010.08.003
35 Hyytinen A, Steen F, Toivanen O. Cartels uncovered[J]. American Economic Journal:Microeconomics,2018,10(4): 190−222. DOI:10.1257/mic.20160326
36 Kirby A J. Trade associations as information exchange mechanisms[J]. The RAND Journal of Economics,1988,19(1): 138−146. DOI:10.2307/2555403
37 Kumar V, Marshall R C, Marx L M, et al. Buyer resistance for cartel versus merger[J]. International Journal of Industrial Organization,2015,39: 71−80. DOI:10.1016/j.ijindorg.2015.02.002
38 Levenstein M C, Suslow V Y. Breaking up is hard to do: Determinants of cartel duration[J]. The Journal of Law and Economics,2011,54(2): 455−492. DOI:10.1086/657660
41 Motta M, Polo M. Leniency programs and cartel prosecution[J]. International Journal of Industrial Organization,2003,21(3): 347−379. DOI:10.1016/S0167-7187(02)00057-7
42 Pawliczek A, Skinner A N, Zechman S L C. Facilitating tacit collusion: A new perspective on common ownership and voluntary disclosure[EB/OL]. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3382324, 2019-05-03.
43 Porter R H. Detecting collusion[J]. Review of Industrial Organization,2005,26(2): 147−167. DOI:10.1007/s11151-004-7294-7
44 Schmolke K U, Utikal V. Whistleblowing: Incentives and situational determinants[EB/OL]. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3198104, 2018-07-12.
45 Schuldt R F, Taylor J E. Cartel attributes and cartel performance: The impact of trade associations[J]. The Journal of Industrial Economics,2018,66(1): 1−29. DOI:10.1111/joie.12155
46 Silbye F. A note on antitrust damages and leniency programs[J]. European journal of law and economics,2012,33(3): 691−699. DOI:10.1007/s10657-011-9246-7
47 Stucke M E. Leniency, whistle-blowing and the individual: Should we create another race to the competition agency?[A]. Beaton-Wells C, Tran C. Anti-cartel enforcement in a contemporary age: Leniency religion[M]. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2015.
48 Suslow V Y. Cartel contract duration: Empirical evidence from inter-war international cartels[J]. Industrial and Corporate Change,2005,14(5): 705−744. DOI:10.1093/icc/dth075
49 Van Cleynenbreugel P. Article 101 TFEU’s association of undertakings notion and its surprising potential to help distinguish acceptable from unacceptable algorithmic collusion[J]. The Antitrust Bulletin,2020,65(3): 423−444. DOI:10.1177/0003603X20929116
50 Vives X. Trade association disclosure rules, incentives to share information, and welfare[J]. The RAND Journal of Economics,1990,21(3): 409−430. DOI:10.2307/2555617
51 Zhou J. Evaluating leniency with missing information on undetected cartels: Exploring time-varying policy impacts on cartel duration[EB/OL]. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1985816, 2016-11-22.
52 Zimmerman J E, Connor J M. Determinants of cartel duration: A cross-sectional study of modern private international cartels[EB/OL]. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1158577, 2008-07-14.
引用本文
陈林, 张涛, 刘振鹏. 第三方举报、行业协会与垄断协议稳定性——基于案件卷宗数据的分析[J]. 财经研究, 2022, 48(6): 155-169.
导出参考文献，格式为：
下一篇：服务型政府建设与企业高质量发展
