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118生成式人工智能正深刻改变劳动力市场结构。基于2022—2023年中国在线招聘平台数据，文章以ChatGPT发布为准自然实验，构建广义双重差分模型考察其对企业劳动力需求结构的影响。研究发现，生成式人工智能显著引发了招聘需求的结构性调整，常规职业的收缩幅度明显大于非常规职业，技术冲击主要集中于程序化程度较高的认知职业。基于任务分类的结果显示，这种影响并非均匀作用于所有认知职业，而是主要集中于常规认知职业以及信息分析与处理型非常规认知职业。机制分析表明，任务效率提升和新任务创造共同推动了劳动力需求结构分化。异质性分析表明，技术冲击在无经验要求岗位、民营企业、劳动密集型行业及传统产业中更为显著。进一步分析发现，生成式人工智能在提高岗位工资的同时加剧了职业竞争；相较于常规职业，非常规职业的工资提升更明显、职业竞争更激烈，体现出非对称技术红利和竞争加剧的特征。文章从企业招聘视角揭示了生成式人工智能重塑劳动力需求结构的微观机制，为理解技术冲击下的就业结构调整提供了经验证据。
生成式人工智能与企业劳动力需求结构分化——基于ChatGPT发布的准自然实验
摘要
参考文献
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引用本文
何勤, 李鑫悦. 生成式人工智能与企业劳动力需求结构分化——基于ChatGPT发布的准自然实验[J]. 上海财经大学学报, 2026, 28(4): 45-59.
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