In recent years, a large number of case studies have emerged in the field of supply chain management. Based on 1022 case studies of supply chain management in domestic and foreign core journal databases from 2017 to 2022, this paper uses knowledge graph bibliometric tools to explore the research focus and development directions, as well as research topic clustering. Based on the results of bibliometric analysis, this paper points out that there are differences in the focus of domestic and international literatures in the field of supply chain management case studies. International literatures focus on the application of circular economy in supply chain management, supply chain risk regulation, and trust governance; while domestic literatures are more concerned with the supply chain value creation model, the application of digital technology in supply chain management, and the supply chain ecology development. Based on the results of literature content analysis, this paper proposes that with the increase of external uncertainties, the case study scenario of supply chain management has experienced a development process from supply chain to supply network, and then to supply ecosystem. The analysis unit is no longer limited to the relationship among the upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain, but focuses on the relationship among supply chains. Finally, this paper points out that future research needs to improve the matching ability between complex scenarios and theories in supply chain management, clarify the applicable conditions of different case study methods, and comprehensively leverage the advantages of quantitative research and case study methods. Further, it proposes that future research can focus more on the construction of industrial supply chain resilience in a highly-dynamic environment as well as the innovative mode and enabling mechanism of supply chain management in the digital economy era, and points out the innovative direction of case study theories and methods.