Synergy among different resources helps amplify resource value and serves as an important foundation for firms to achieve sustainable growth and build competitive advantages. Although resource synergy research has produced a growing body of findings, it remains limited by fragmented perspectives, insufficient attention to dynamic evolution, and inadequate theorization of the digital context. Through a systematic review of the relevant literature, this paper finds that systems theory, the resource-based view, contingency theory, and dynamic capability theory constitute the important theoretical foundations for resource synergy research. On this basis, this paper constructs a framework of the formation, transformation, and value realization mechanisms of organizational resource synergy. It argues that resource synergy follows a formation process of “synergy foundation–synergy mechanism–synergy effect” and is transformed into corporate value, corporate performance, and other organizational outcomes through the enhancement of firm capabilities and the optimization of firm behaviors. This process is also jointly shaped by macro-level regional environments, meso-level industry environments, and micro-level firm contexts. Furthermore, this paper incorporates synergy transformation into the process framework of resource synergy and emphasizes that firms need to continuously reconfigure resource synergy in response to environmental changes, strategic adjustments, and performance feedback. Finally, by comparing traditional resource synergy and digital resource synergy, this paper reveals how connection pressure, feedback pressure, expansion pressure, and adaptation pressure in the digital context drive the systematic evolution of resource synergy logic. The study addresses the fragmented and static limitations of existing resource synergy research by developing a systematic framework and revealing its dynamic evolutionary logic in the digital context, thereby advancing the systematic, dynamic, and digitally contextualized development of resource synergy research.